英語的基本句型是主語 + 謂語.如果將主語與謂語調(diào)換,稱倒裝句.
裝句分全倒裝句和半倒裝句.
一、 全倒裝:主語與謂語交換位置不需任何助動詞,叫全倒裝.全倒裝有以下三種情況:
1、當(dāng)here,there,out,in,up,down等副詞放在句首時,句子需全倒裝:
There goes the bell!鈴響了!There lived an old man.Here comes the bus.注意:①在這種情況下倒裝僅限于不及物動詞或be動詞,像go,come,mush等.②主語如果是代詞時不需倒裝如Away he went.他走遠(yuǎn)了.
2、方位狀語在句首,如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引語在句首,這種情況可倒裝也可不倒裝
"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.
二、半倒裝:主語與謂語的助動詞交換位置稱半倒裝,有以下數(shù)種情況:
1,否定意義的詞在句首,句子半倒裝,例如:little,never,not,no,hardly,rarely,seldom
Never shall I forget you.At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
2、 幾對并列連詞如not only…but also,hardly… when等連接兩個并列句,連詞在句首,前句半倒裝,后句不倒裝:
Not only was everything he had taker away from him,but also his German citizenship was taken away.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
注意:①not only…but also連接兩個并列主語時不需倒裝,如:Not only you but also I like playing chess.
②neither…nor在句首時,前后兩句都需倒裝,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
3、only在句首強調(diào)狀語,主句半倒裝:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when the war was over in 1918,was he able to get back to work.
注意:only強調(diào)主語不倒裝:Only the teachers can use the room.
4、so…that句型,so在句首時,主句倒裝,that從句不倒裝:
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
I saw the film,so did he.
5.省略了if的虛擬條件句
Had I been informed earlier,I could have done something.Were she here,she would support the motion.