埃菲爾鐵塔
The Eiffel Tower (French:La Tour Eiffel,[tuʁ ɛfɛl],nickname La dame de fer,the iron lady) is a puddle iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris.Built in 1889,it has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.The tower is the tallest building in Paris[10] and the most-visited paid monument in the world; millions of people ascend it every year.Named for its designer,engineer Gustave Eiffel,the tower was built as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair.
The tower stands 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall,about the same height as an 81-storey building.Upon its completion,it surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of tallest man-made structure in the world,a title it held for 41 years,until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930; however,due to the addition in 1957 of the antenna,the tower is now taller than the Chrysler Building.Not including broadcast antennas,it is the second-tallest structure in France after the 2004 Millau Viaduct.
The tower has three levels for visitors.Tickets can be purchased to ascend,by stairs or lift,to the first and second levels.The walk to the first level is over 300 steps,as is the walk from the first to the second level.The third and highest level is accessible only by elevator.Both the first and second levels feature restaurants.
The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France,often in the establishing shot of films set in the city.
凱旋門
The Arc de Triomphe (Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile) is one of the most famous monuments in Paris.It stands in the centre of the Place Charles de Gaulle (originally named Place de l'Étoile),at the western end of the Champs-Élysées.[1] There is a smaller arch,the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel,which stands west of the Louvre.The Arc de Triomphe (in English:"Triumphal Arch") honours those who fought and died for France in the French Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars,with the names of all French victories and generals inscribed on its inner and outer surfaces.Beneath its vault lies the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier from World War I.
The Arc de Triomphe is the linchpin of the historic axis (Axe historique) — a sequence of monuments and grand thoroughfares on a route which goes from the courtyard of the Louvre,to the Grande Arche de la Défense.The monument was designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806,and its iconographic program pitted heroically nude French youths against bearded Germanic warriors in chain mail.It set the tone for public monuments,with triumphant patriotic messages.
The monument stands 50 metres (164 ft) in height,45 m (148 ft) wide and 22 m (72 ft) deep.The large vault is 29.19 m (95.8 ft) high and 14.62 m (48.0 ft) wide.The small vault is 18.68 m (61.3 ft) high and 8.44 m (27.7 ft) wide.It is the second largest triumphal arch in existence (after Arch of Triumph in Pyongyang).Its design was inspired by the Roman Arch of Titus.The Arc de Triomphe is so colossal that three weeks after the Paris victory parade in 1919,marking the end of hostilities in World War I,Charles Godefroy flew his Nieuport biplane through it,with the event captured on newsreel.