定語從句
定語是指在句子中用來修飾名詞、代詞的成分
如：I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定語)
定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子,定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后
如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
定語從句的連接詞：
連接代詞：who、which、whom、whose、that
連接副詞：when、where、why
一.定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句.被定從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞.定語從句必須放在先行詞之后.引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞.例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party?
I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用
關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定于從句,在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用,使二者聯(lián)系起來.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個成分.關(guān)系待客做主語,賓語,定語,關(guān)系副詞可作狀語.
作主語：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致.例如：
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2.作賓語：
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3.作定語
關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用.例如：
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
4.作狀語
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.
各個關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法
1． who 指人,在定語從句中作主語.例如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
2.whom指人,在定語從句中作賓語.例如：
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
3.whose 指人,在定語從句中作定語.例如：
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.
4.which指物,在定語從中作主語或賓語.例如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
5．that多指物,有時也指人,在定語從句中作主語或賓語.例如：
I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
6.when 指時間,在定語從句中作狀語.例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
7.where 指地點,在定語從句中作狀語.例如：
This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city
四.關(guān)系代詞 whom,which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間,有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫,而將介詞置于定語從句的后面,如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
五.具體使用時還要注意下列問題：
1． 只能使用that,不用which 的情況：
(1) 先行詞是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything 等不定代詞時.例如：All that he said is true.
(2) 先行詞被only,no,any,all,等詞修飾時.例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞.例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
(4) 先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞.This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行詞既包括人又包括物時.例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.