culture
cul.ture
AHD:[k¾l“ch…r]
D.J.[6k(lt.*]
K.K.[6k(lt.+]
n.（名詞）
The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought.
人類文化：通過社會傳導的行為方式、藝術(shù)、信仰、風俗以及人類工作和思想的所有其它產(chǎn)物的整體
These patterns, traits, and products considered as the expression of a particular period, class, community, or population:
特種文化：被視為表現(xiàn)某一特定階段、階級、社會或種族的這些方式、特點和產(chǎn)物：
Edwardian culture; Japanese culture; the culture of poverty.
愛德華時代的文化；日本文化；貧困文化
These patterns, traits, and products considered with respect to a particular category, such as a field, subject, or mode of expression:
類別文化：被視為關(guān)于某一特定范疇,如某一領(lǐng)域、主題或表達方式的這些方式、特點或產(chǎn)物：
religious culture in the Middle Ages; musical culture; oral culture.
中世紀時期的宗教文化；音樂文化；口頭文化
Intellectual and artistic activity, and the works produced by it.
文藝作品,文藝活動：智力和藝術(shù)活動以及由此產(chǎn)生的作品
Development of the intellect through training or education.
教養(yǎng)：通過訓練或教育而實現(xiàn)的智力發(fā)展
Enlightenment resulting from such training or education.
陶冶,啟發(fā)：由這類訓練或教育而得到的啟迪
A high degree of taste and refinement formed by aesthetic and intellectual training.
修養(yǎng),教養(yǎng)：通過美學和智力訓練而形成的高品味和文雅
Special training and development:
培訓：特殊的訓練和發(fā)展：
voice culture for singers and actors.
為歌手和演員準備的聲音練習
The cultivation of soil; tillage.
土地的耕作；耕種
The breeding of animals or growing of plants, especially to produce improved stock.
養(yǎng)殖：對動物的飼養(yǎng)或植物的種植,尤指為了產(chǎn)生改良品種
Biology

The growing of microorganisms, tissue cells, or other living matter in a specially prepared nutrient medium.
培養(yǎng)：在經(jīng)過特殊準備的營養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)基中的微生物、組織細胞或其它生物的培養(yǎng)
Such a growth or colony, as of bacteria.
培養(yǎng)菌：該種生長物或群落,如培養(yǎng)菌
v.tr.（及物動詞）
cul.tured, cul.tur.ing, cul.tures
To cultivate.
栽培
To grow (microorganisms or other living matter) in a specially prepared nutrient medium.
培養(yǎng)：在特殊制備的營養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)（微生物或其它生物）
To use (a substance) as a medium for culture:
用作培養(yǎng)基：用（某一物質(zhì)）作營養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)基：
culture milk.
用牛奶作培養(yǎng)基
Middle English [cultivation]
中古英語 [培育]
from Old French
源自 古法語
from Latin cult¿a
源自 拉丁語 cult¿a
from cultus [past participle of] colere * see cultivate
源自 cultus[] colere的過去分詞 *參見 cultivate
culture, cultivation, breeding, refinement, taste
These nouns denote a personal quality resulting from the development of intellect, manners, and aesthetic appreciation.
這些名詞的意思是由智力、舉止以及美學欣賞的發(fā)展而形成的個人素質(zhì).
Cultureimplies enlightenment attained through close association with and appreciation of the highest level of civilization:
Culture指的是通過與最高層次的文明接觸并欣賞而獲得的啟發(fā)：
“Culture is then properly described not as having its origin in curiosity, but as having its origin in the love of perfection”(Matthew Arnold).
“由此修養(yǎng)被恰當?shù)孛枋鰹樵从趯ν昝赖臒釔?而不是出于好奇心” （馬修·阿諾德）.
Cultivationsuggests the process of self-improvement or self-development through which culture is acquired:
Cultivation指的是修養(yǎng)得以獲取的自我改進或自我發(fā)展過程：
The books and paintings in her library reflect her considerable cultivation.
她的圖書館內(nèi)的書和畫反映了她有相當程度的修養(yǎng).
Breedingis revealed especially in good manners, poise, and sensitivity to the feelings of others:
Breeding尤指在優(yōu)雅的舉止、姿態(tài)以及對他人感覺的敏感中表現(xiàn)出來的：
“The test of a man's or woman's breeding is how they behave in a quarrel”(George Bernard Shaw).
“對某一男人或女人教養(yǎng)的考驗是他們在爭吵中如何表現(xiàn)” （喬治·伯納德·肖）.
Refinementstresses aversion to coarseness and implies a delicacy of feeling associated with fastidiousness:
Refinement強調(diào)的是對粗魯?shù)膮拹翰⑶矣信c挑剔相關(guān)的感覺敏感之意：
“to seek elegance rather than luxury, and refinement rather than fashion”(William Henry Channing).
“尋求典雅而不是奢侈,尋求高雅而不是時尚” （威廉·亨利·查寧）.
Tasteis the capacity for recognizing and appreciating what is fitting, proper, or aesthetically superior:
Taste指的是辨別和鑒定合適的、適宜的、美學方面優(yōu)良東西的能力：
“These questions of taste, of feeling, of inheritance, need no settlement. Every one carries his own inch-rule of taste”(Henry Adams).
“這些關(guān)于品味、感覺、遺傳的問題,無需得到解決.每個人都有各自衡量審美力的標準” （亨利·亞當斯）
culture
[5kQltFE(r)]
n.
文化
These two countries have different cultures.
這兩個國家有著不同的文化.
教養(yǎng)；修養(yǎng)
a man of little culture
無教養(yǎng)的人
文明
陶冶；教化；（身心的）鍛煉與發(fā)展
培育；培植；栽培
細菌培養(yǎng)；培養(yǎng)出來的細菌
culture
來自拉丁語 colore 耕耘,因為文化修養(yǎng)和種莊稼一樣,必須經(jīng)過辛勤的耕耘,才能獲得豐碩的果實