倒裝句,就是主語謂語位置是顛倒的句子.
一般句子,主語在謂語前；倒裝句,謂語在主語前.
具體情況如下：
1. “某些副詞+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語”的句式,需要全部倒裝.常用的副詞主要有：here , there , now , then , out , in , down , up , away 等,表示強(qiáng)調(diào).主語是代詞時(shí),不必倒裝.
Out rushed the boy .
Down came the brown wave .
2. 表示方位的短語放在句首,后面一般使用倒裝語序.
West of the lake lies the famous city .
3. There be + 主語+地點(diǎn).其中動(dòng)詞be也可以是其他詞,如lie,stand等.
There are many different kinds of mooncakes on the table .
There in Greece lived a famous thinker , named Aristotle .
4. 如果直接引語后注明是什么人說的,而且主語是名詞時(shí),需要完全倒裝；主語是代詞時(shí),一般不用倒裝.
“Let”s go ! ”said the captain .
“Take off your boots !” ordered the guard .
5. 為了保持句子平衡,或?yàn)榱藦?qiáng)調(diào)表語或狀語,或使上下文緊密銜接時(shí).
They arrived at an old church , in front of which stood a big crowd of people .
6. 用于so開頭的句子,表示重復(fù)前面相同的內(nèi)容,意為“也怎么樣”.另外,在結(jié)果狀語從句句型so …that …中,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)so…放在句首,主句需要部分倒裝.
I often go out for a walk after supper . So does she .
我經(jīng)常在晚飯后出去散步,她也這樣.
So excited was she at the news that she couldn”t say a word .
聽到這個(gè)消息,她是如此激動(dòng),以致于一句話也說不出來.
7. 用于nor , neither 開頭的句子,表示重復(fù)前面相同的內(nèi)容,“也不怎么樣”.
Li Lei can”t answer the question . Neither can I .
If you don”t wait for him , nor shall I .
8. only放在句首,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語（副詞,介詞短語或狀語從句等）,全句語序要部分倒裝.
Only in this way can we get in touch with them .
Only because he was ill was he absent from school .
注意：only放在句首,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語時(shí),語序不必倒裝.
Only Mr Wang knows about it .
9. 帶有否定意義的詞放在句首,語序需要部分倒裝.常見的詞語有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than ……等.
Little did I think he is a spy .
我一點(diǎn)也沒想到他是一個(gè)間諜.
Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain .
No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang .
10. 在虛擬語氣中,倒裝代替條件.
Should he be here next week , he would help us with the problem .
Were there no light , we could see nothing .
11. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子.
May you succeed ! 祝你成功! Long live France ! 法蘭西萬歲!