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  • 英語的陳述句、疑問句與漢語的陳述句、疑問句在語序方面有何異同?

    英語的陳述句、疑問句與漢語的陳述句、疑問句在語序方面有何異同?
    越完整、易懂越好.
    英語人氣:136 ℃時間:2019-12-16 04:01:02
    優(yōu)質(zhì)解答
    一般來說 結(jié)構(gòu)相同基本結(jié)構(gòu)都是主+謂+賓,疑問句用疑問詞提問,
    不同的是 有時候順序會不同
    英語的句式

    按照句子的用途,英語句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句.按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu),英語句子可分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句.中考對句子的考查主要集中在以下幾個方面:
    1. 陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法;
    2. 祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法;
    3. 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法;
    4. 由what, how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別
    【名師點睛】
    一. 陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法
    1. 陳述句:
    陳述句是用來陳述一個事實或表達(dá)說話人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子.通常用降調(diào),句末用句號“.”.
    Tom has a new car.
    The flower isn’t beautiful.
    2. 陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成
    (1) 如果肯定陳述句的謂語部分含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞be,則只需在這些動詞后加not即可構(gòu)成否定式.
    He is playing the guitar.(肯定)
    He is not playing the guitar.(否定)
    We can get there before dark.(肯定)
    We can’t get thee before dark.(否定)
    (2) 如果陳述句的謂語動詞是實義動詞,而其中又沒有情態(tài)動詞或助動詞時,則需根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)在該實義動詞前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t.同時把該實義動詞變?yōu)樵?
    He plays the violin well.(肯定)
    He doesn’t play the violin well.(否定)
    She won the game.(肯定)
    She didn’t win the game.(否定)
    (3) 如果句子是there be結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語動詞是have(有),除了be和have之后加not之外,句中如果有some要變?yōu)閍ny.例如:
    There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.
    He has some books. →He has not any books.
    (4) 除not以外,否定詞no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可構(gòu)成否定句.例如:
    There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.
    I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.
    二. 祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法
    使句是用來表示命令、請求、建議、號召等的句子,謂語動詞用原形,句末用感嘆號“!”或句號“.”.朗讀時一般用降調(diào).
    1. 肯定的祈使句:
    (1)祈使句主語是you時,you常省略,但如果要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)對方或表達(dá)某種強(qiáng)烈的情緒時可以有主語或稱呼語.
    Be quiet.
    You be quiet!
    (2)“Do+祈使句”表示一種強(qiáng)烈的感情或請求,do起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用.
    Do come back at once!
    Do be careful.
    (3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣,但please用在句末時,必須用逗號與其余部分分開.
    Open the window, please.
    (4)Let引導(dǎo)祈使句時,后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語,人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱.
    Let Jack wait a minute.
    Let’s go to school.
    (5)在祈使句中,Let’s和 Let us是有區(qū)別的.Let’s包括說話者,而Let us不包括聽話者在內(nèi).這點從反意疑問句時可明顯看出.
    Let’s go skating, shall we?(表示內(nèi)部的建議)
    Let us try again, will you?(表示向別人發(fā)出請求)
    2. 否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never開頭.其結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:“Don’t(Never)+動詞原形+其他成分” 例如:
    Don’t do that again!
    Never leave today’s work for tomorrow!
    Don’t be late next time!
    三. 一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法
    1. 一般疑問句:
    (1)一般疑問句的肯定形式
    一般疑問句一般是指以助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be動詞或have(有)開始,通常要求以yes,或no來回答的疑問句,一般疑問句讀時通常用升調(diào).
    Do you know Mr. Smith?
    Can you swim?
    (2)一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)
    ① 在一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)中,把副詞not放在一般疑問句的主語之后.但如果用not的簡略形式-n’t,則須將-n’t與一般疑問句句首的be, have,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞寫在一起.在實際運用中,一般都采用簡略式.
    Are you not a football fan?
    Aren’t you a football fan?
    Will she not like it?
    Won’t she like it?
    ② 與漢語不同的是,英語一般疑問句否定結(jié)構(gòu)的答語是否定還是肯定,全由答語的否定或肯定來決定.若答語是肯定的,則用yes加肯定結(jié)構(gòu);若答語是否定的,則用no加否定結(jié)構(gòu).
    Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷嗎?
    Yes, I am.
    No, I am not.
    Won’t she like it?
    Yes, she will.
    No, she won’t.
    2. 特殊疑問句
    特殊疑問句由“疑問代詞或疑問副詞+一般疑問句”構(gòu)成,句子一般用倒裝語序,但如果主語是疑問代詞或由疑問代詞修飾時,用陳述句的語序.特殊疑問句不能用yes或no回答,讀時用降調(diào).例如:
    Who is on duty today?
    How long have you been in Beijing?
    What time do you get up every morning?
    What must I do now?
    常用的特殊疑問句
    詢問內(nèi)容
    疑問詞或句型
    例句
    回 答
    職業(yè),身份
    what
    What is your father?
    He is a doctor.
    姓名或關(guān)系
    who
    Who is that boy?
    He is Jack.
    He is my brother
    相貌特征
    what…like?
    What is she like?
    What does she look like?
    She is beautiful.
    目的
    what…for?
    What did they come here for?
    To attend a meeting.
    原因
    why
    Why did they come here?
    Because they have a meeting to attend.
    天氣
    how
    what…like?
    How is the weather today?
    What is the weather like today?
    It’s fine.
    顏色
    what color…?
    What dolor is her skirt?
    It’s red.
    服裝尺寸
    what size
    What size does he wear?
    He wars 40.
    幾點鐘
    what time
    What time is it?
    It’s 7:30.
    星期幾
    what day
    What day is today?
    It’s Tuesday.
    幾號,日期
    what is the date…?
    What is the date today?
    It’s May 2.
    年齡(多大)
    how old
    How old is he?
    He is 38.
    持續(xù)多長時間(多久)
    how long
    How long have you been here?
    For five months.
    長度(多長)
    how long
    How long is the bridge?
    It’s 500 metres.
    距離(多遠(yuǎn))
    how far
    How far is it from here to the zoo?
    It’s 6 kilometres.
    頻度
    (多經(jīng)常)
    how often
    How often do you come back?
    Once a week.
    時間經(jīng)過
    (多快)
    how soon
    How soon will she arrive?
    In an week.
    數(shù)量
    (多少)
    how many(可數(shù)名詞)
    how much(不可數(shù)名詞)
    How many jackets do you have?
    How much coffee do you want?
    Three.
    Two cups.
    價格
    how much
    How much is it?
    How much does it cost?
    Five dollars.
    高度
    (多高)
    how tall(人,樹)
    how high(山,建筑物)
    How tall is she?
    How high is the tower?
    She’s 1.73 metres.
    It’s 450 metres.
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