一般兩個動詞放在一起時,前面的作謂語,后面的就用不定式,特殊單詞有要求的除外,有些只要求接動名詞.評價的形容詞.例：It’srightofhimtorefusethe
invitation.(him為邏輯主語)
2、表語：Ourdutyistoprotecttheenviroment.
3、動詞賓語：此種情況可按固定搭配或句式去記.
例：wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle.(book4,L11)
和plan用法一樣的詞還有：start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等.
Ifounditverydifficulttogeta
job.(it為形式賓語)4、賓語補足語：(1)在多數(shù)復(fù)合賓語及物動詞后要帶to：例：Iaskedafriendtoreadittome.(book4,L2)(2)在表示感覺、致使等意義的動詞
(see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,
make,let,have,help等)后不帶to.例：Theyheardhimsingapopsonginthemeetingroom.
5、定語：動詞不定式做定語放在所修飾的名詞的后面.
例：Vinnyisthefirstdisabledper鄄sontosailaroundtheworld.(book4,
L1)6、形容詞補足語：在表示心理、感情、評價等的形容詞后,對其進(jìn)行補充說明.
例：Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.
7、狀語：表示目的、原因、程度等.
例：Theybroughtinphotosoftheir
familiesformetolookat.(book4,L2)
8、“疑問詞＋不定式”用法：不定式前可帶what,who,which,where,when,how等疑問詞,這種不定式短語在句中多用做賓語.
例：Hedidn’ttellmewheretogo.9、在初中階段還涉及到“不定式被動語態(tài)一般式(tobe+過去分詞)”
例：Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.
解讀動詞不定式作主語、賓語、定語、狀語
在中學(xué)教科書中,動詞不定式是一個非常重要的語法點；在歷年高考中,動詞不定式是頻頻考查的要點之一；在學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)實踐中,動詞不定式是瑣碎、難學(xué)的語法項目之一.為了更熟練、準(zhǔn)確、有針對性地掌握此項語法知識,下面把(N)MET對動詞不定式作主語、賓語、定語及狀語的考查點進(jìn)行總結(jié)、歸納.
I. 不定式作主語
1. 不定式作主語時,常用it作形式主語,而將作主語的不定式放在句子后部.例如：
It is good to help others.幫助他人是件好事.
It is exciting to surf the Internet.上網(wǎng)是件令人興奮的事.
2. 不定式作主語與V-ing形式作主語的不同：前者作主語時,常表示某一次具體的動作；而后者常表示習(xí)慣性的動作.例如：
To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教這三個孩子是今天下午我的工作.
Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是鍛煉的一種好方式.
簡析: It's ... of sb. to do sth.與It's... for sb. to do sth.
當(dāng)表語形容詞說明不定式的邏輯主語具有某種品質(zhì)時,常用"It's...of sb. to do sth.".例如：
It's very kind / nice of you to help me.感謝你的幫助.
當(dāng)表語形容詞說明不定式具有某種特征時,應(yīng)使用 "It's ...for sb. to do sth.".例如：
It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中國學(xué)生學(xué)俄語是很難的.
[高考題例]
1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.
A. for B. of C. about D. from
II. 不定式作賓語
1. 學(xué)習(xí)不定式作賓語時,要注意掌握四種動詞：
1) 后接不定式作賓語的動詞.常見動詞有： offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等.
2) 后接V-ing形式作賓語的動詞.常見動詞有： enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等.
3)后接不定式和V-ing形式作賓語均可,且沒有大的區(qū)別的動詞.常見動詞有： start, begin, continue等.
4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作賓語均可,但意思不同的動詞.常見動詞及短語有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等.例如：
Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去時請記住要鎖門.
I don't remember lending you any money. 我不記得借過錢給你.
I regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it. 我后悔我所說過的話,我本不該說那些話.
I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遺憾地告訴你,你沒有通過駕駛測試.
The minister went on talking for two hours. 部長的講話持續(xù)了兩個小時.
After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 討論完經(jīng)濟(jì),部長接著談?wù)撏饨徽?
2. 動詞不定式在句中作賓語,如帶有賓語補足語時,要先用it作形式賓語,而將該不定式后置.例如：
I don't think it right to do it in that way.我覺得以那種方式去做是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?
I find it hard to get along with him. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)與他相處不是件容易的事.
3. "疑問代詞、疑問副詞 + 不定式"常常用作動詞或介詞的賓語.例如：
I don't know where to spend my holiday. 我不知該去哪兒度假.
Have you decided when to marry?你決定什么時候結(jié)婚了嗎?
[高考題例]
3. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
4. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
5. -I usually go there by train.
-Why not ________ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
6. -Was the test difficult?
-Not at all. We found ________ .
A. it very easy for doing
B. very easy to do it
C. it very easy to do
D. it very easy to do it
7. -Do you know Mr. Smith?
-Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.
A. us B. it C. him D. you
8. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
9. Last summer I took a course on ________ .
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
10. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________ .
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
III. 不定式作定語
不定式作定語時,應(yīng)注意使用不定式的正確形式.請看下列句子：
I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要(自己)做.
I have a lot of work to be done today. 我今天有很多工作要(別人)做.
Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么東西要(自己)帶給你兒子嗎?