狀語：一般由副詞,介詞短語或相當(dāng)于副詞的成分充當(dāng),可分為時(shí)間狀語,地點(diǎn)狀語,原因狀語,方式等.可放在句首,句中或句末.
例：She is very beautiful.(very是副詞,做狀語)
I got up late this morning.(this morning做時(shí)間狀語)
I go to school by bus.(by bus做方式狀語)
主語：由名詞,代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語充當(dāng),主語一般位于謂語的前面,在倒裝句中例外.
例：I can play basketball.(主語是I)
補(bǔ)語：可由形容詞,名詞,分詞等充當(dāng),起補(bǔ)充說明的作用.可分為主語補(bǔ)語（主補(bǔ)）和賓語補(bǔ)語（賓補(bǔ)）.
例：The news makes her happy.(happy做賓補(bǔ))這消息使她很高興.
賓語：由名詞,代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語充當(dāng),位于謂語或介詞的后面.
例：I can paly basketball.(賓語是basketball)
I am at home.(home做at的賓語)