這個(gè)句子是用了形容詞短語來做讓步狀語.還原句子的話,應(yīng)該是:
Although they are short of breath and tired, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. （盡管他們累得氣喘吁吁,Andy 和 Ruby是最先等到泰山山頂?shù)?）
原句子是用although引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)讓步狀語從句,因?yàn)槭÷粤艘龑?dǎo)詞although,所以讓步狀語從句就只保留了形容詞短語short of breath,而tired之所以改成了現(xiàn)在分詞短語being tired,是因?yàn)閎eing tired是用來形容后面的主語Andy and Ruby的狀態(tài)的,用現(xiàn)在分詞短語表示人的狀態(tài).

你說的那個(gè)高考題我沒見過,但是從你的描述,我估計(jì)那個(gè)高考題是 Tired and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. 其原型是They are tired and short of breath.,改變后的句子與原句的區(qū)別是,改變后的句子省略了句子的主語They以及系動(dòng)詞are,這個(gè)是屬于英語里面的一個(gè)省略原則：當(dāng)從句與主句的主語指同一個(gè)人或者事物,而且從句謂語動(dòng)詞是BE動(dòng)詞時(shí),可以省略從句的主語以及BE動(dòng)詞.