初二英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)(總結(jié)版)
1.
take : 拿走
take sb. / sth. to someplace;
take sth. with you
bring: 帶來
bring sth for a picnic
It’s going to rain, please take an umbrella with you.
You’d better finish your homework today and bring it to school tomorrow.
2.
keep + 名詞 + 形容詞
Keep the windows open, it’s hot here.
keep sb doing sth
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting for a long time.
keep表示“借”用于和一段時(shí)間連用：
How long can I keep this book?
3.
let / make / have sb do sth
讓（使）某人干某事
Let’s go to the zoo!
How did he make the baby stop crying?
4.
forget to do sth
忘記去做某事
remember to do sth
記得去做某事
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
remember doing sth
記得做過某事
5.
stop to do sth
停下來做另一件事情
stop doing sth
停止正在做的事情
stop sb from doing sth
阻止某人干某事
Let’s stop to have a test, it’s too hot today.
When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped talking.
We plant trees to stop the wind from blowing the earth away.
begin / start
to do sth
6.
tell / ask sb to do sth
否定形式 tell / ask sb not to do sth.
Policemen asked us not to play on the road , it was too dangerous.
Our P.E. teacher told us a story
yesterday.
7.
see / hear / watch sb do sth
see
/ hear /
watch sb doing sth
I heard him singing in the room when I passed by.
8.
enjoy sth ; enjoy doing sth ;
enjoy oneself = have a good time
Our classmates went to the zoo last Sunday. They enjoyed themselves.
9.
be busy with sth
;
be busy doing sth
They are all busy with their work.
10.
finish doing sth.
Tom didn’t go to bed until he finished writing the composition.
11.
want
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth
would like
sth
/
to do sth
/
sb to do sth
feel like doing sth.
He didn’t feel like eating anything.
12.
had better do sth
否定形式：
had better not do sth
You’d better not sing here, the baby is asleep.
13.
Why not do sth ?
=
why don’t you do sth ?
=
Why didn’t you do sth ?
Why not come with me?
14.
What about sth
/
what about doing sth ?
=
How about -----?
How about playing basketball with us?
15.
Thank you for sth /
Thanks for doing sth.
Thanks for your help.
------------
It’s a pleasure.
Thanks very much for helping me.
16.
instead往往放在句首或句尾
instead of sth
/
instead of doing sth.
通常放中間
He didn’t go to the park. He went to the cinema instead.
He went to the cinema instead of going to the park..
17.
put on
強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作
wear 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)
in 介詞,構(gòu)成一個(gè)短詞
Put on your old clothes tomorrow, because we’ll do some cleaning.
Kate is wearing a red sweater today.
The man in a blue suit is Mr. Li
18.
在if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句、以when , before, after , as soon as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句, 當(dāng)主句是：一般將來時(shí)態(tài)、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或祈使句的情況下,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí).
We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
it doesn’t rain
=
it isn’t rainy
I’ll tell her the good news as soon as I see her.
同樣的情況還適用于not ---- until 句型
I won’t go to bed until I finish my homework.
19.
在以when
引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句, 當(dāng)從句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),主句往往用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),表示在過去的某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：
They were having supper when I got to their home.
20.
It’s time for sth /
It’s time to do sth /
It’s time for sb to do sth.
It’s time for us to start our lesson now.
21.
It takes /
It took /
It will take
somebody some time to do something.
It took them twenty minutes to finish the cleaning.
It will take us about ten hours to finish our homework.
22.
it 作形式主語或形式賓語,其真正的主語或賓語是后面帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式:
It’s necessary to learn English well.
We found it difficult to work out the maths problems.
23.
too ----
to 句型,
too ---- for sb to
do sth ----,對(duì)某人來說太-----以致于不能-----
The apples on the
tree
are too high for me to reach.
Kate is too young to go to school.
24.
enough 用法：形前名后, big enough
;
enough food
----- enough to do sth
足夠-------能夠-------
Jim is old enough to go to school.
25.
little , a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞 ;
much 修飾不可數(shù)
few a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞;
many 修飾可數(shù)
a little
a few 具有肯定含義little few 具有否定含義
some, any , a lot of = lots of 既可以 修飾不可數(shù),也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞；
There
is a little time left, take it easy.
We’d better go shopping ,there are few eggs left.
Mr. Little doesn’t have much money. （否定句中常用much而不用a lot of ）
26.
much too 中心詞是too, 常修飾形容詞,
It’s much too cold today,
we should wear warm clothes.
too much中心詞是much, 常修飾不可數(shù)名詞,
There’s too much water,
please be careful..
27.
有關(guān)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的問答：
May I ------?
No, you can’t.
No, you mustn’t.
Must I /
we
-----?
No, you needn’t.
要注意could 和can的區(qū)別：could可表示語氣的委婉,也表示過去的能力
Could you help me ?
Could she swim when she was four years old?
要注意must 和have to 的區(qū)別：must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀, have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀
要注意maybe和 may be的區(qū)別 ： maybe在句中作謂語
Maybe it’s here.
It may be here.
28.
不定代詞：someone, anyone ; something , anything , nothing ; somebody , anybody, nobody.
Something常用于肯定句和表示請(qǐng)求的疑問句中 , anything用于否定句中和疑問句中,not anything = nothing
;
without anything =
with nothing
Would you like something to eat?
I’d like Chinese tea with nothing in it .
形容詞修飾不定代詞要放在不定代詞后面：
Be quiet! I have something important to tell you.
Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?
29.
反身代詞: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
要記?。阂弧⒍朔Q用物主,第三人稱用賓格, 復(fù)數(shù)self要變selves
和反身代詞有關(guān)的一些詞組：enjoy oneself.
= have a good time.
learn by oneself,
leave one by oneself
She had to teach her son herself.
I don’t need your help, I can do it myself.
30.
形容詞修飾名詞,副詞修飾動(dòng)詞：
What a strong wind!
It’s blowing strongly.
連系動(dòng)詞：be, feel, look, get,
turn , taste, smell, become,
+ 形容詞作表語
31.
感嘆句：What + a/an + 形容詞 + 可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式+ 主語+ 謂語!
What+ 形容詞+ 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 / 不可數(shù)名詞+ 主語+ 謂語!
How + 形容詞或副詞 + 主語+ 謂語!
What a nice day it is !
What beautiful flowers they are!
How happily they are playing!
32.
反意疑問句：要注意前肯后否,前否后肯,要用be動(dòng)詞,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞來做,
要注意否定詞：never, little, few, hardly ,nothing, nobody 等
祈使句的反意疑問句用：will you ?
以Let’s開頭的反意疑問句用: shall we ?
She usually gets up at six, doesn’t she?
There’s little water in the bottle, is there?
Please take these
books to the office, will you?
You have never been to New York, have you?
33.
形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)：要注意比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成:
規(guī)則變化: 要雙寫的：big, fat, thin, red,
不規(guī)則變化：good,
bad,
far,
ill,
比較級(jí)用在：than ,
a little + ,
much + ,
最高級(jí)用在：
of all, of the three, in his class, in the world等表示有范圍的短語中,
one of + 最高級(jí) + 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)
34.
以so 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句：表示-----也一樣,也如此,前后主語要不一致,要通過be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞來做:
I reached home at 9:00, so did my brother.
Canadians eat a lot of beef, so do Chinese people.
35.
either---or----, neither ---- nor ----
連接兩個(gè)主語,謂語動(dòng)詞采用就近原則；
Either of ----或 Neither of ------謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；
Both of
------或 both
---- and -----謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)
Both of them are Chinese.
Neither of them is Australian.
Neither Jim nor I am American.