第一題：
這里主干是An earthquake hit Mianzhu City.然后中間的東西是非謂語動詞放在名詞后面充當(dāng)定語,而做定語的時候,是看非謂語動詞和被修飾名詞之間的關(guān)系的.主動用-ing形式.被動用-ed形式.
這里名詞是an earthquake,動詞是measure.你看地震和測量是什么關(guān)系.顯然地震應(yīng)該是被測量的,不可能地震主動的去測量,所以用-ed形式.
第二題：
題目的意思是盡管他很富有,但他對窮人沒有同情心.
這里考察的是as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句解釋為“盡管”的時候,放于句首句子倒裝.一般as前面可以有adj/n/v,并且名詞是零冠詞的.
e.g.1:clever as he is,he still works hard.
2:boy as he is,he is very brave.
3:succeed as he might,he still works hard.
當(dāng)然像上面說的盡管還有很多,比如though,although.這些連詞其實(shí)他們是可以倒裝也可以不倒裝.我們一般是用不倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)的.
上面as的用法考得最多的,也是錯誤率最高的還是第二種,它經(jīng)常會在boy前面加一個a 來誘惑你,其實(shí)是絕對不行的.
“第一題我選 measuring 就等于 which measured 啊,如果選 measured 就少一個 which ,答案是錯了吧”
這個加不加which是完全不一樣的,因?yàn)?which加了以后就是一個定語從句,這里如果用定語從句應(yīng)該是which was measured ,而不是你想的which measured.因?yàn)閣hich指代的是the eartuquake,就相當(dāng)于the earthquake was measured.
其實(shí)所有的非謂語動詞都是從相應(yīng)的從句轉(zhuǎn)化而來的.做定語就是從定語從句中轉(zhuǎn)化過來,狀語就是從狀語從句中轉(zhuǎn)化過來,關(guān)鍵就是看這個動詞在從句中是主動還是被動,主動的,在非謂語動詞中,考慮用-ing形式.被動的就考慮用-ed形式.
比如題目中：
An earthquake (measured 5.6 on the Richter scale) hit Mianzhu City
=An earthquake ( which was measured 5.6 on the Richter scale) hit Mianzhu City
因?yàn)閺木渲杏帽粍?所以在非謂語動詞中也用被動形式.如果是主動的,應(yīng)該也用主動形式.
e.g.the man who （is smiling 主動 ） to you is my uncle
= the man （smiling主動 ） to you is my uncle
those people who （were killed 被動 )in the war were very brave.
= those people (killed 被動 )in the war were very brave.
現(xiàn)在懂了嗎?這個which有和沒有是完全不一樣的.