實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
有完整詞匯意義的動(dòng)詞叫做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分跟有賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞和不跟賓語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞.連系動(dòng)詞也是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,但連系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),其后必須跟有表語(yǔ).
1．及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞
有些及物動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)（單賓語(yǔ)）,有些可跟間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)（雙賓語(yǔ)）,或跟賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)）,例：
I like the book very much．我很喜歡這本書(shū).
My teacher lend me some books．我的老師借給我一些書(shū).（雙賓語(yǔ)）
I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her．我一接到她的信就通知你.（復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)）
而不及物動(dòng)詞不帶賓語(yǔ),例：
The good news soon spread all over the city．好消息很快傳遍全城.
許多動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞,又可作不及物動(dòng)詞,例：
He turned his head．他把頭轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去了.（及物）
She turned and walked to the house．她轉(zhuǎn)身走回家.（不及物）
有些不及物動(dòng)詞與及物動(dòng)詞本義相同,但形式不同,例：
lie 躺（不及物）； lay 放（及物）
The book is lying on the table．書(shū)在桌上.
He laid the book on the table．他把書(shū)放在桌上.
有些及物動(dòng)詞用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ),我們把它們稱(chēng)為反身動(dòng)詞,例：
He can’t express himself in English．他無(wú)法用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)自己的想法.
The boy dressed himself quickly．那男孩很快穿好了衣服.
有些不及物動(dòng)詞用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)需用其同源的名詞作賓語(yǔ),稱(chēng)作同源賓語(yǔ),例：
He dreamed a sweet dream last night．昨夜他作了個(gè)美夢(mèng).
The people are living a happy life．人民過(guò)著幸福的生活.
She sighed a deep sigh．她深深地嘆了一口氣.
注意：有些不及物動(dòng)詞后面可接形容詞或名詞,這時(shí)的用法相當(dāng)于連系動(dòng)詞,例：
The tree grows tall．這棵樹(shù)長(zhǎng)得很高.
He returned an old man after 50 years abroad．在國(guó)外過(guò)了五十年后他回來(lái)時(shí)已是個(gè)老頭了.
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞
動(dòng)詞從其含義來(lái)分,有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(notional verb),連系動(dòng)詞(1ink verb),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verb)和助動(dòng)詞(auxiliary verb)四類(lèi).
1.實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有完全的詞義,并能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.
如：The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨陽(yáng)光燦爛.
He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜歡星期日出去作長(zhǎng)距離散步.
We have a big TV set in the club.我們俱樂(lè)部有臺(tái)大電視機(jī).
2.連系動(dòng)詞 連系動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,后面跟表語(yǔ).英語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看來(lái)),keep(保持),become(變成),get(變得),grow(變得),feel(感到),turn(變得,變成),appear(顯得),remain(仍舊是)等.如：
It is never too late to mend.改過(guò)不嫌晚.
It was a close game.那場(chǎng)球賽比分很接近.
The children in this nursery look very healthy.這個(gè)托兒所的孩子看起來(lái)都非常健康.
Keep quiet,please!請(qǐng)安靜!,
The tape recorder seems all right.這臺(tái)錄音機(jī)好像沒(méi)有毛病.
Later he became a doctor.他后來(lái)成為一名醫(yī)生.
The problem remained unsolved until last year.問(wèn)題到去年才解決