The Taj Mahal was built in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan. 泰姬陵于十七世紀(jì)為沙杰汗國王而建.
句子分析：
主語：The Taj Mahal
謂語：was built
時間狀語： in the seventeenth century
目的狀語：for the emperor Shah Jehan
兩個狀語都是介詞短語,一前一后.沒有規(guī)定誰前誰后.一般短一點的在前面,長一點的在后面.
這兩個差不多,反過來也沒有問題.
本文取自新概念英語第二冊Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another,
的練習(xí)D中的一篇短文
將for the emperor Shah Jehan放后面還有一個原因是因為后面的句子是以he作主語.
The Taj Mahal was built in the seventeenth century for the emperor Shah Jehan. A few years after he had become ruler, his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal, died. The Taj Mahal was built in her honour. Experts were called in from many parts of the world to construct the domes and to decorate the walls. The Taj Mahal which was begunin 1632 and was completed in 1654, cost a fortune. Up to the present day it has been visited by millions of people.
高中英語教材閱讀中是這樣寫的：
　The Taj Mahal was built by the Mogul emperor (皇帝) Shah Jehan, who ruled India in the seventeenth century. It is in memory of his favorite wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631.
其實兩種說法都可以.
上面主要表示的是,這泰姬陵是工匠們造的,為國王造的.國王不是為自己用的,為愛妻用的.
下面的表示這泰姬陵是國王花費人力,財力造的,為愛妻造的.