一、語法倒裝 　　 　　1．so, neither, nor 位于句首,表示主語與前面句子的主語情況相同時,句子要部分倒裝;如果是對對方所述情況表示肯定或否定則不倒裝. 　　例1 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____.(05全國Ⅲ) 　　 A. so does John B. John does too 　　 C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John 　　分析：本題考查倒裝句的基本用法.根據(jù)句意,后半句也表示否定意義,nor 提前句子倒裝.這里nor does John 相當(dāng)于John doesn’t either.所以正確答案為D. 　　例2 ——You forgot your purse when you went out. (02 上海) 　　 ——Good heavens, ____. 　　 A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did 　　分析：有時so放在前面時,只是對對方所陳述的內(nèi)容表示肯定,這時句子不用倒裝.所提供的情景Good heavens 說明自己確實在出門時忘了帶錢包,所以正確答案為B. 　　2．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時,常將表語或狀語置于句首. 　　例1 ____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. 　　(05 重慶31) 　　 A. A quiet student as he may be 　　 B. Quiet student as he may be 　　 C. Be a quiet student as he may be 　　 D. Quiet as he may be a student 　　分析:本題考查由as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句,通常將表語或狀語提前,若表語是名詞時,省略冠詞.所以正確答案為B. 　　例2 Difficult as the homework was, it was finished in time. 　　 作業(yè)盡管難,還是及時完成了. 　　例3 Try as he would, he might fail again. 　　 盡管他嘗試,可能會再一次失敗. 　　3．在if 非真實條件句中,如果從句中有should, were或助動詞had時,可省去if,將這些詞提到句首. 　　例1 Were you in my position, you would do the same. 　　 如果你處在我的位置,你也會這樣做. 　　例2 Had he been given more time, he would have done it much 　　 better. 如果給更多時間,他會做得更好. 　　例3 Should Professor Smith come here tomorrow, we would discuss 　　 this matter with him again. 　　如果史密斯教授明天來,我們會再次和他談這事. 　　4．在“here (there, now, then)+不及物動詞+主語”的句型中,謂語動詞為be, stand, lie, come, go, fall等的一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時,句子為全部倒裝. 　　例1 Now comes your turn. 輪到你了. 　　例2 Then followed three days of heavy rain. 緊接著了三天大雨. 　　注：代詞作主語時,主謂語序不變. 　　例3 Here it is. 在這兒. 　　 　　二、修辭倒裝 　　 　　1．以表方位的副詞out, in, up, down, away, off 等開頭的句子里,句子要全部倒裝.目的是為了生動地描寫這些動作. 　　Out rushed the boys. 男孩們沖了出來. 　　Away went his hat. 他的帽子掉了. 　　注：代詞作主語時,主謂語序不變.如： 　　In he comes. 他進(jìn)來了. 　　2.含有否定含義的詞（詞組） hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, seldom, neither, nor, not until, no sooner, in no way, at no time, by no means等位于句首時,句子要部分倒裝. 　　例1 Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (05 上海39) 　　 A. has this city been B. this city has been 　　 C. was this city D. this city was 　　分析:在此題中否定詞never 提前,句子要部分倒裝,根據(jù)句意需用完成時.所以正確答案為A. 　　例2 They have a good knowledge of English but little ____ they know about German.(05天津4) 　　 A. have B. did C. had D. do 　　分析：在此題中否定詞little提前,句子用部分倒裝,根據(jù)前面時態(tài)的運用,后面的句子要用一般現(xiàn)在時,所以正確答案為D. 　　3.并列連接詞not only…but also, neither…nor等連接句子時,如果not only, neither在句首句子要用部分倒裝. 　　例1 ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for 　　 entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.（04上海41） 　　 A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring 　　 C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring 分析:在此題中not only在句首,句子用部分倒裝,即把助動詞提到主語前.所以正確答案為B.但需注意：若not only…but also 連接兩個句子時,只倒裝前一句,而neither…nor連接兩個句子時,都采用倒裝形式. 　　例2 Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 這調(diào)皮的男孩既未回家他的父母又沒來找他. 　　例3 Neither at this meeting nor at the previous did they discuss the proposal. 在這次和上次會議上4.so, such位于句首,后帶表語或狀語時,其后所接的主句要部分倒裝. 　　例1 ____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.(05 江蘇35) 　　 A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple 　　 C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious 　　分析:考查so+adj./adv.…that句型,把so放在句首時,要把情態(tài)動詞或系動詞等提到主語的前面.the couple作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).所以正確答案為B. 　　例2 So shallow was the lake that there is no fish in it. 　　湖那么淺,以至于里面沒有魚. 　　5.帶有only的狀語放在句首表強(qiáng)調(diào)時,句子部分倒裝. 　　例1 Only after my friend came, ____. 　　 A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer 　　 C. was the computer repaired D. the computer repaired 　　分析:當(dāng)only在句首修飾狀語時,后面要倒裝.又因為repair和the computer之間是邏輯上的被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài),所以正確答案為C. 　　例2 Only in this way can you master English. 　　只有這樣你才能掌握英語. 　　6．表語置于句首時,倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語+連系動詞+主語”. 　　例1 Present at the meeting were Mr. Wang, Miss Liu and many 　　 other guests. 王先生、劉小姐和很多其他客人出席了會議. 　　例2 Gone are the days when we had no enough food to support the family. 我們沒有足夠的食物養(yǎng)家糊口的日子一去不復(fù)返了. 　　7.may等表示祝愿,置于句首,引起部分倒裝. 　　例1 Long live peace!和平萬歲! 　　例2 May you succeed!祝你成功! 　　8．表地點的介詞短語在句中作狀語時,為了保持句子平衡,或為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語,或為了使上下文緊密銜接時,句子全部倒裝. 　　例1 In the dark forest ____, some large enough to hold several 　　 English towns.(05 遼寧35) 　　 A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes 　　 C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand 　　分析:in the dark forest作狀語提前時,句子全部倒裝.表示“坐落,位于”, 用lie更確切,所以正確答案為B. 　　例2 From the valley came a frightening sound. 　　山谷傳來了嚇人的聲音. 　　Below the mountain ran a little stream. 山下有條小溪. 　　例3 They arrived at a small house, in front of which sat an old 　　 woman. 他們到了一個小屋,一位老太太坐在屋前面. 　　9．連詞as, than引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,為保持句子平衡,常用全部倒裝,也可用部分倒裝. 　　例 He traveled a great deal as did most of his friend. 　　 他去過很多地方旅游,他的大多數(shù)朋友也是如此. 　　 　　三、復(fù)合賓語倒裝 　　 　　復(fù)合賓語的正常語序為“賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”,但有時因賓語太長,為保持平衡,將賓語補(bǔ)足語提到賓語前. 　　例1 Many people consider impossible what is possible. 　　許多人把本來可能做到的事認(rèn)為不可能做到. 　　例2 He made good his promise by buying his son a toy-bus. 　　他實現(xiàn)了自己的諾言,給兒子買了輛玩具汽車. 　　例3 Let come what may. 要發(fā)生什么就發(fā)生什么吧. ,他們都沒討論這個提議.л??