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  • 英語中反意疑問句概念

    英語中反意疑問句概念
    英語人氣:321 ℃時(shí)間:2020-02-02 17:10:35
    優(yōu)質(zhì)解答
    定義:在陳述句之后附加上一個(gè)簡短問句,對陳述句所敘述的事實(shí)提出相反的疑問,這種疑問句叫做反意疑問句.
    結(jié)構(gòu):如陳述部分為肯定式,疑問部分用否定式.反之,如陳述部分否定式,疑問部分用肯定式.疑問部分重復(fù)陳述句的主語(必須用代詞)和be , have,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.如陳述句中沒有 be, have,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則須另加do.如:She has gone to town, hasn't she? 她進(jìn)城了,對嗎?
    You like it, don't you? 你喜歡它,不是嗎?
    注意事項(xiàng):
    1.在朗讀時(shí),反意疑問句的前部分用降調(diào),后部分,在表疑問時(shí)用升調(diào),在表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)用降調(diào).如:
    He's an engneer, isn't he?↑ 他是工程師,是不是?
    It's a fine day today, isn't it?↓ 今天天氣很好,對吧?
    2.對反意疑問句的回答,肯定或否定要前后保持一致,即前面用“ yes ”,后面必須是肯定;前面用“no ”,后面必須是否定.
    3.附加問句如果是否定式,一般應(yīng)用縮略形式,如:
    We need to practise speaking English more often, don't we? 我們需要多練習(xí)說英語,是不是?
    He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? 他應(yīng)當(dāng)知道該怎么做,對不對?
    4.在回答前否定(陳述句)+后肯定(簡略問句)的反意疑問句時(shí),答語中“yes ”和“no”的翻譯恰好與漢語相反,如:He isn't a pianist, is he?他不是鋼琴家,是嗎?
    Yes , he is .(No, he isn't.)不,他是鋼琴家.(對,他不是鋼琴家.)
    5.牢記反意疑問句及答語的肯定,否定關(guān)系的一般規(guī)則(“+”表示肯定,“—”表示否定):
    問句中:“+,—”或“—,+”.答句中:“+,+”或“—,—”.
    問中:He doesn't want to buy it, does he? 他不想買它,對嗎?
    答中:A:Yes, he does.不,他想買. B: No, he doesn't. 對,他不想買.
    簡單陳述的附加句
    (一)特殊情況(1)陳述部分是I am 時(shí),疑問部分常用“aren't I?”代替更正式的“am I not? ”.如:I'm late, aren't I? 我遲到了,是嗎?
    (2)如陳述部分是“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),疑問部分只需對換there be 的位置即可.如:
    There's something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的手表有毛病,對嗎?
    (3)陳述部分是形式主語it 時(shí),疑問部分的主語也用it .如:
    It took more than 100,000 men twenty years to build the Great Pyramid, didn't it?
    建成這座大金字塔,十萬人費(fèi)了二十年時(shí)間,對嗎?
    (4)陳述部分是had better 固定搭配時(shí),疑問部分應(yīng)是hadn't.如:
    We'd better play games now, hadn't we?我們最好現(xiàn)在做游戲,行嗎?

    (二)兩種形式
    1)當(dāng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí),疑問部分用 didn't.如:
    They used to be good friends, didn't they?他們過去一向是好朋友,是嗎?
    2)當(dāng)不及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí),疑問部分要用didn't.如:
    Grandmother used to get up early, didn't she? 奶奶過去時(shí)常早起,對嗎?
    There used to be a station over there, didn't there?過去那兒有個(gè)火車站,對嗎?
    (2)陳述部分如帶有have to, has to, had to 時(shí):
    1)慣常行為:用do, does, did,構(gòu)成have to, has to, had to 的疑問部分.如:
    We have to work from 8:00 a.m. to 5:30p.m, don't we? 我們得從上午8:00工作到下午5:30,是不是?
    2)在特定場合:用have, has, had,構(gòu)成have to, has to, had to 的疑問部分.如:
    I have to work thisafternoon, haven't I?我今天下午得去工作,是不是?
    (3)need, dare 的用法:
    1)當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用,疑問部分要用do 的某一形式.如:
    He dared to ask the teacher many questions, didn't he?他敢向老師提許多問題,對嗎?
    2)當(dāng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用,只重復(fù)它.如:
    You needn't do that when your son is here, need you? 你兒子在這里時(shí),你不必做那事,是不是?
    (三)其他形式
    (1)如陳述部分的主語是不定代詞everyone, someone, no one等詞,疑問部分的主語常用they ,有時(shí)也可用he.如:
    Somebody borrowed my bike yesterday, didn't they?昨天有人借了我的自行車,對嗎?
    (2)如陳述部分的主語為不定代詞something, everything等及指示代詞this, that 時(shí),疑問部分的主語用it.如:
    Nothing could make him give in, could it?什么也不會(huì)使它屈服,是嗎?
    (3)如陳述部分有 no, nobody, few, seldom, nor, nither…nor, too…to等表示否定意味的詞時(shí),疑問部分要用肯定式.如 :
    He is neither a teacher nor a worker, is he?他既不是老師,也不是工人,對嗎?
    No one here can dance, can they?這里沒有人會(huì)跳舞,對嗎?
    (4)當(dāng)陳述部分含有由 un, in , im, il, ir 等否定前綴構(gòu)成的派生詞時(shí),雖意思是“不”,但疑問部分仍要用否定式.如:
    She dislike it, doesn't she? 她不喜歡它,是吧?
    (5)當(dāng) neither…nor, both…and 連接陳述部分的兩個(gè)主語時(shí),疑問部分的主語常用復(fù)數(shù)代詞.如:
    Both you and I are not wriong, are we? 你和我都不錯(cuò),是嗎?

    祈使句的附加句
    (一)祈使句是肯定式,表示“請求”,疑問部分要用will you?;若表示“勸導(dǎo)”“邀請”時(shí),疑問部分要用won't you ;也可用 can't you ,含有責(zé)備或不耐煩之意.如: Shut up, can't you? 閉嘴,行不行?
    Come here at once, will you?立刻到這里來,好嗎? Stop talking, won't you?別說話,好嗎?
    (二)如祈使句是否定式時(shí),疑問部分只能用 “will you?”.如:
    Don't look out of the window, will you?別向窗外看,行嗎?
    (三)以Let me 的祈使句,疑問部分可用 “will you ?”或“may I? ”如:
    Let me have another try, will you? 讓我再試一次,行嗎?Let me do the job, may I?.可以嗎?(四)以Let us (不包括對方在內(nèi))的祈使句,疑問部分用“will you? ” 如:
    Let us go shopping, will you?讓我們?nèi)ベI東西,行嗎?
    (五)以 Let's (包括對方在內(nèi))的祈使句,其疑問部分用“shall we? ”.如:
    Let's go out for a drive, shall we? 咱們出去兜風(fēng)吧,好嗎?
    復(fù)合句的附加句
    A.當(dāng)陳述句是主從復(fù)合句時(shí):
    (一)從句是that引起的賓語從句( that 在常省略),附加疑問應(yīng)對陳述部分的主句提出.如:
    He said nothing except that he was all right, didn't he? 他除了說他很好之外,其他什么也沒講,對嗎?
    (二)當(dāng)陳述部分主句的主、謂是 I (We) think(believe, imagine, expect, feel 等)加 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí),疑問部分的主語(代詞)和動(dòng)詞要與從句的一致.如:
    I think there is something wrong with the washer, isn't there?我想洗衣機(jī)出了毛病,對不對?
    We don't suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在乎的,對嗎?
    (注:think, believe, imagine 等表示揣測,信念,愿望之類心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞+that 賓語從句時(shí),務(wù)必注意這些動(dòng)詞具有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的現(xiàn)象.)
    (三)當(dāng)陳述部分是It (This, That或其他表示時(shí)間的名詞+ be+the+first time(month 等)+that 從句(that 可省)時(shí),疑問部分與主句的主語和謂語保持一致.如:This is the third time he has left home, isn't it?Tomorrow will be the secondtime that I have had to have my TV set repaired again, won't it?
    B.復(fù)雜情況
    (一)當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是從句、不定式(短語)、動(dòng)名詞等時(shí),疑問部分的主語一律用it .如:
    Whether they will come or notdoesn't matter too much, does it?(主語從句作陳述句的主語)
    Packing the suitcase has taken up a whole moring, hasn't it?(動(dòng)名詞短語作陳述句的主語)
    To learn aforeign languag well in such a short timeisn't easy, is it?(不定式短語作陳述句的主語)
    (二)若陳述句為并列句時(shí),疑問部分的主語通常與臨近分句的主謂一致.如:
    We must redouble our efforts, or we'll not be able to catch up with the others, will we?
    我們必須加倍努力,否則我們就趕不上別人,對嗎?

    (三)如陳述部分含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must時(shí):
    (1)表示“應(yīng)該”,其疑問部分用mustn't(不應(yīng)該),如:
    You must work hard next term, mustn't you ?下學(xué)期你應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí),對嗎?
    (2)表示“必須”,其疑問部分用needn't(不必),如:
    We must go at once, needn't we?我們必須立刻走,是嗎?
    (3)表示推測,其疑問部分必須與must 后面的主要?jiǎng)釉~相呼應(yīng).如:
    1)對現(xiàn)在動(dòng)作或存在的情況的推測:
    You mustknow the answer to the exercise, don't you?你一定知道這項(xiàng)練習(xí)的答案,是不是?
    That mustbe your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床,是嗎?
    2)對過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的情況的推測:
    ①表示肯定
    You musthave left your bag in the theatre, haven't you? 你一定是把包落在劇場了,是不是?Aunt Liu must have got to the U.S.A. yesterday, didn't she? 劉大嬸昨天準(zhǔn)是到了美國了,對不?
    ②表示否定表示推測時(shí),否定式通常不是must not ,而是can't (cannot).如:
    He can't have been to your home; he doesn't know your address, does he?
    他不可能去過你家;他不知道你的地址,是不是?
    (4)陳述部分含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞mustn't,表示禁止時(shí),問部分就可以用must或may,如:
    We mustn't be late, must we?(may we?)我們不可以遲到,是嗎?
    英英與美英的差異反意疑問句
    (一)如陳述句have 作“有”解時(shí), 疑問部分在美國英語中用 do的某一形式;在英國英語中用have 的適當(dāng)形式,如:
    She hasmoney withher, doesn't she?(美英)她身邊有錢,對嗎?
    He hasn't any friends in London, has he? (英英)他在倫敦沒有什么朋友,對嗎?
    (二)陳述部分用不定代詞one作主語時(shí),疑問部分在美國英語中用 he ,在英國英語中仍用one,如:
    One should love his country, shouldn't he?(美英)任何人都應(yīng)該愛國,對吧?
    (三)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞ought to時(shí),附加疑問部分在美國英語中用should ;在英國英語中仍用 ought,如:
    The boy ought to be praised, shouldn't he?(美英)這男孩應(yīng)該受到表揚(yáng),是不是?
    We ought to read the book, oughtn't we? (英英)我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讀這本書,對嗎?
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