現在分詞短語作狀語
可以表示時間、伴隨、原因、方式、結果、條件等.
1 原因,相當于原因狀語從句
Being ill (As he was ill),she didn’t go to school yesterday.
Not knowing her telephone number,I couldn’t ring her up.
注：如果現在分詞表示的動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生,就需要用現在分詞的完成式.
Having finished my work ahead of time (Because I had finished my work ahead of time),I was allowed to go home.
2 時間,相當于時間狀語從句
Hearing the good news,(When he heard the good news),he jumped with joy.
Walking in the street (While he was walking in the street),he saw his old friend.
注：如果現在分詞表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作是同時發(fā)生,常在現在分詞短語前加上when或while
Be careful when crossing the street.(When you cross the street)
While waiting for the bus,(While I was waiting for the bus)I had a long talk with Jackie.
注：如果現在分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前,用現在分詞的完成式
Having had supper (After he had supper),he did some shopping with his wife.
3 行為方式、伴隨狀況,表示與主句的動作同時發(fā)生,相當于一個并列句或并列的謂語動詞
He sat at the table reading a magazine.He sat at the table and read a magazine.
She stood at the station waiting for the bus.She stood at the station and waited for the bus.
注：這樣用時,現在分詞的邏輯主語必須和主句的主語一致.
4 結果
He died in 1980,leaving his wife and four children.
5 條件 相當于一個條件狀語從句
Working hard,you will succeed.If you work hard,you will succeed.
Turning to the right,you will find the hotel.If you turn to the right,you will find the hotel.
與過去分詞短語一樣,現在分詞短語作狀語時,它的邏輯主語必須和主句的主語一致,要是分詞有自己的邏輯主語,這種結構叫做獨立主格,通常用來表示伴隨的動作或情況,有時還表示原因、時間或條件.