主語是something（事物）.somebody（人）.somewhere（地方）等一系列名詞
謂語是包括動(dòng)詞.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等
賓語是指所要表達(dá)的東西（范圍很廣）
主語:是句子所要說明的人或事物,是句子的主體,主語的位置通常在句首,一般不省略,表示句子描述的是"誰"或"什么",是謂語的陳述對象；通常由名詞＼代詞＼動(dòng)詞不定式＼動(dòng)名詞或從句擔(dān)任．例如：
1 [Walls] have ears.(名詞做主語)
2 [He] will take you to the hosipital.(代詞做主語)
3 [Three] plus four equals seven.(數(shù)詞做主語)
4 [To see] is to believe.(動(dòng)詞不定式做主語)
5 [Smoking] is not allowed in public places.(動(dòng)名詞做主語)
6 [The sick] were taken care of by the local doctors and nurses and [the wounded] were taken to the nearby army hospital.(名詞化形容詞或分詞)
7 [The People's Republic of China] is a great country.(詞組做主語)
8 [Whether or not they will come] depends on the weather.(從句做主語)
謂語:說明主語的性質(zhì)\特征\狀態(tài)或身份,根據(jù)不同的情況可有不同的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài),謂語動(dòng)詞由實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任.助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加其他動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞.例:
1 Action speak luoder than words.speak
2 The chance may never come again.may come
3 Tom was very sick at heart.was
4 Mary has been working at the dress store since 1999.has been working
6 He was not recognized by many people.was not recognized
賓語:表示及物動(dòng)詞或及物動(dòng)詞短語的對象或內(nèi)容,或用于介詞后構(gòu)成介詞短語,是動(dòng)作的對象或承受者,包括同源賓語\介詞賓語\直接賓語,表示動(dòng)作的承受者;\間接賓語,表示動(dòng)作對誰或?yàn)檎l做.例:
We love China.China
He gave me a book.me是間接賓語,book是直接賓語
直接賓語
1 She covered [her face] with her hands.(名詞短語做賓語)
2 We haven't seen [her] for a long time.(代詞做賓語)
3 Do you mind [opening] the window?(動(dòng)名詞做賓語)
4 Give me [four],please!(數(shù)詞做賓語)
5 He wants [to dream ]a nice dream.(動(dòng)詞不定式短語做賓語)
6 The strdents have already learned [how to treat these common diseases].(詞組做賓語)
7 Make the past serve [the present] and foreign things serve China.(名詞化形容詞或分詞做賓語)
8 We need to know [what others are doing].(從句做賓語)
間接賓語:
1 Give [him] some money.
2 She told [the children] an interesting story.
3 He bought [me] a New English-Chinese Dictionary.
4 Each time he returns from abroad,he brings [us] something new.
同源賓語:有些不及物動(dòng)詞后可有一個(gè)與該動(dòng)詞意義相似的名詞.這種動(dòng)詞就是同源賓語,例:
1 He died a worthy [death].
2 We live a happy [life].
3 The patient has slipt [a good sleep].
介詞賓語:
1 The far-reaching significance of [the political and economic reforms] is becoming more and more evident.(名詞作介詞賓語)
2 We are highly delighted with [what we have seen recently].(從句作介詞賓語)
3 The medical workers shoew great concern for the sufferings of [the sick and the wounded].(動(dòng)名詞和名詞化形容詞及分詞作介詞賓語)
4 The nurses look after [us] with care.(代詞和名詞作介詞賓語)
5 I live in [Japan] in [1986].(名詞和數(shù)詞作介詞賓語)