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  • 誰(shuí)有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)/一般將來(lái)時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的詳細(xì)講解

    誰(shuí)有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)/一般將來(lái)時(shí)/現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的詳細(xì)講解
    語(yǔ)言最好是書面一點(diǎn)的
    英語(yǔ)人氣:476 ℃時(shí)間:2019-08-13 05:20:07
    優(yōu)質(zhì)解答
    英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)
    作者:王亞麗 來(lái)源:更新日期:2004-12-05
    時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式.因此,當(dāng)我們說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候,指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式.
    英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)分為16種:一般現(xiàn)在、一般過(guò)去、一般將來(lái)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),以及這四者的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí).在這里,我們重點(diǎn)講解一下最常見的11種時(shí)態(tài)的用法和注意事項(xiàng).
    1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):小學(xué)就開始學(xué)這個(gè),大家都會(huì)吧,有幾點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)一下我們就走.
    A) 表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征.If it is not too much trouble, I would like a cup of tea.
    B) 習(xí)慣用語(yǔ):這個(gè)要在平時(shí)自己積累,因?yàn)榱?xí)語(yǔ)太多,我不做過(guò)多解釋.
    Ie: Believe it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.
    口語(yǔ)中常說(shuō)believe it or not,意思是:“信不信由你”,“我說(shuō)的是真的”.believe it or not是一個(gè)固定說(shuō)法,相當(dāng)一個(gè)插入語(yǔ),短語(yǔ)中的believe沒(méi)有詞形變化.這點(diǎn)要注意,以后會(huì)教你們動(dòng)名詞的用法,到時(shí)候會(huì)牽涉到主語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題.
    C) 經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作.
    Ie:He always helps others. (他總是幫助別人.)
    D) 客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理.尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),則無(wú)法保持主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致.ex: He said that the sun rises in the east.這個(gè)句子要注意,到了以后的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常會(huì)有這樣的問(wèn)題,具體細(xì)節(jié)到時(shí)候在說(shuō),不過(guò)你們要先有這樣的概念:客觀事實(shí)無(wú)論謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)是什么都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).
    E) 表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,(僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng)、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞 )可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用.常見的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式.
    ex: When does the plan leave?這個(gè)句子注意一下,就是這么用的,有人會(huì)注意到這樣的問(wèn)題: The plane leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.為什么不用將來(lái)時(shí),對(duì)了,很奇怪,但就是這么用的.
    F) 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))表示將來(lái)事情.
    Ie: When you finish the report, I will have waited for 3 hours.(完成時(shí),往下看會(huì)出現(xiàn))
    2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing) 的用法:上了初一就教這個(gè)吧,比一般現(xiàn)在還簡(jiǎn)單.表示現(xiàn)在正在做的動(dòng)作,但要注意有的動(dòng)詞不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí),這類詞稱為短暫性動(dòng)詞,如,open, borrow等等,在完成時(shí)態(tài)常常會(huì)碰到,平時(shí)要注意積累.
    3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done):重要考點(diǎn),初二以后幾乎都是完成時(shí)態(tài).
    A) 表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成.
    ex: I have just finished my homework.
    B) 表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況,并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去.此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用since加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),或for加一段時(shí)間,或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間.這里聯(lián)系進(jìn)行時(shí),他們都一樣,不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞,★★★☆☆考點(diǎn).
    C) 表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況.通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等.
    例:John has broken his left leg.(約翰摔斷了左腿.)
    注意:
    A) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài),或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響,是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響;過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系.
    例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年.這只是講述一個(gè)過(guò)去的事實(shí),他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了.)
    He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年.表示他從過(guò)去開始工作,一直工作到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作.)
    B) 因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的完成時(shí),有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn),所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞.
    例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài),可以延續(xù))
    My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(終端動(dòng)詞)
    C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成時(shí).
    例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國(guó)際展覽會(huì).)
    D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確.
    例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見到他以來(lái)已經(jīng)10年了.)
    E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成時(shí).
    例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我從未見過(guò)那位教授.)
    4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have been doing):和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)很像
    1) 用法:表示某一動(dòng)作開始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來(lái).
    例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前為止,我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目,已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了.)
    2) 注意事項(xiàng):與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相比,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào):在從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間里,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)或一直反復(fù)出現(xiàn).
    5. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
    A) 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況.
    ex:I went to Beijing last year.
    B) 表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作.特別是由would/ used to do表達(dá)的句型,本身表示的就是過(guò)去時(shí).
    ex: I used to live here.(注意used to 和be used to 的區(qū)別,used to表過(guò)去常常,be used to 表示習(xí)慣于,前者to是不定式符號(hào),后者則是介詞,后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞、代詞)
    C) 有時(shí)可代替一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),表達(dá)一種婉轉(zhuǎn)、客氣、禮貌、商量的語(yǔ)氣.
    ex: Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在這里嗎?)
    Could you pass me the pen?
    注意:
    A) 注意時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的搭配.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間的詞或詞組,如:yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等,絕對(duì)不可與recently, in the past 10 years, this month等連用,因?yàn)檫@樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí).注意,到了初二將會(huì)是★★★★☆考點(diǎn),不會(huì)不行,逃不了的,幾乎每次都考.
    B) used to do的否定形式和疑問(wèn)形式很特別:你怎么寫都正確.以否定形式為例:used not to do, didn't used to do, didn't use to do都對(duì).
    6. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)
    用法:表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài).就是我們常說(shuō)的:表示"過(guò)去的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)".
    畫一條時(shí)間軸過(guò)去完成__●_一般過(guò)去_◇_一般現(xiàn)在___○______
    2) 注意事項(xiàng):“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這種邏輯關(guān)系常通過(guò)上下文體現(xiàn)出來(lái),而不一定受某個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的限制.
    ex: There had been some one in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we opened the front door.
    7. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(would/ should do) 表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事.其實(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)沒(méi)什么區(qū)別啦.
    ex: I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.賓從、直引經(jīng)常碰到這樣的例子,注意.
    8. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)
    A) 表示在過(guò)去一個(gè)比較具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.
    ex: I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
    B) 如果when, while這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)詞所引導(dǎo)的主從句之一是一般過(guò)去時(shí),則另一個(gè)句子常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí).
    ex: I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.
    9. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
    A) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)是will / shall do.古英語(yǔ)認(rèn)為will用于第二、三人稱,shall用于第一人稱,但后來(lái)沒(méi)做硬性規(guī)定,will比較常用.I will be home at 10.
    B) 有些動(dòng)詞,如:arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等,用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí),并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,可以表示將來(lái)時(shí).初一接觸比較多的是be going to,后面的包括will/shall到了后來(lái)才出現(xiàn),其他如sleep很少見,初中階段我?guī)缀鯖](méi)見過(guò)sleep這么用的,leave, come, arrive也常見
    ex: My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.
    C) 表示“即將、正要”時(shí),可用be about to do.強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事,后常與when連用.ex: I was about to speak when you interrupted me.
    D)"be to do"的5種用法:
    a) 表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”.
    例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.(星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見到她.)
    b) 該做或不該做的事情(語(yǔ)氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語(yǔ)氣.
    例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.(孩子們,你們必須 上床睡覺(jué),不準(zhǔn)吵鬧.我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了.)
    c) 能或不能發(fā)生的事情(接近c(diǎn)an, may)
    例:How am I to pay such a debt?(我怎么可能還得起這么大的一筆債呢?)
    d) 不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情,后來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情.
    例:I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.
    A. will be attended B. will be attended to
    C. is attended D. is attended to
    will be attended to關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是:attend表示“處理,解決”時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞,必須與to連用.另外,從上下文看,事情顯然尚未解決,所以應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).答案是B.
    A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
    答案是A) is to be.全句的意思是:“如果要避免食品短缺,就必須作出更大努力來(lái)增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量.”
    E) 同樣可以表示“正要、將要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing.The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points.
    注意:
    在以if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless等連詞以及具有連詞作用的副詞(immediately, the moment, directly)等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,一般用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí).強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)性或動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí),可用完成時(shí).
    例:I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.(我希望到明年你回來(lái)的時(shí)候,他的身體已經(jīng)好多了.)
    10. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing) 調(diào)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情.
    ex: Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
    11. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will have done) 表示從將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間開始、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或是發(fā)生在某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間,但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)段一樣.其用法從和過(guò)去及現(xiàn)在有關(guān),變成了和將來(lái)及將來(lái)的將來(lái)有關(guān).
    ex: It is reported that by the end of this century the people of Chinese will have increased by 2 billion.
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