你說的太籠統(tǒng)了吧,
要看是在什么情況下,
相對應(yīng)的用法也是不同的.
哎,那就待我細(xì)細(xì)道來吧·····
一、形式上不留任何痕跡
什么叫形式上不留任何痕跡呢?一般來說,句子中的某些成分被省略后,形式上不保留任何痕跡,只能從意義上來理解.如：
(1) Welcome to our school.歡迎來我校.
(2) Make yourself at home.請隨便.
二、留下某一個(gè)表特征的詞
1.如果句子中的不定式被省略,常保留不定式中的小品詞to.如：
(1) —Will you please go shopping with me this afternoon?今天下午同我一起去買東西好嗎?
—I’d like to,but I have much work to do.我倒想去,但是我有很多事情要做.
(2) —Will Mr.Brown come,too?布朗先生回來嗎?
—Yes.He promised to,but he doesn’t turn up yet.是的.她答應(yīng)來,但現(xiàn)在還沒有到.
但當(dāng)不定式是be或動詞的完成體時(shí),be及have一般不能省略.如：
(1) —Will Bruce be a player for our team?布魯斯將會成為我們隊(duì)的隊(duì)員嗎?
—He wants to be,but we won’t take him in.他倒想,而我們不會接受他.
(2) —Has he finished reading the book?他把書看完了嗎?
—He hopes to have,but in fact he reads too slowly.他倒希望看完了,而事實(shí)上她讀得太慢了.
2.從句的謂語部分省略后,從句中的情態(tài)動詞或助動詞保留.如：
(1) He said he would do as much as he could to help us.他說他要盡一切努力來幫助我們.
(2) When asked to dance,she said she couldn’t.當(dāng)請她跳舞時(shí),她說她不會.
3.省略從句時(shí),若從句為否定,則從句中的否定詞not被保留.這樣的主句謂語動詞有：think,believe,guess,suppose,hope,be afraid,be sure 及連接副詞：why,if.如：
(1) —Do you think he will come to see us?你認(rèn)為他回來看我們嗎?
—I think not.我認(rèn)為不會.
(2) —Is it going to rain?天會下雨嗎?
—I’m afraid not.
(3) —Can you go to the concert with us this evening?今天晚上能跟我們一起去聽音樂演奏會嗎?
—Why not.為什么不呢?
三、用一個(gè)單詞來代替被省略的成分
1.當(dāng)從句或分句中的謂語動詞省略時(shí),有時(shí)須加一個(gè)助動詞do合適的形式來代替.如
(1) Anyone can’t break the rules.If you do,you will sure be punished.任何人也不能違反紀(jì)律,如果你違反了,你將肯定要受到懲罰.
(2) He was told not to go there alone at night,but he did.人們告訴他夜晚不要單獨(dú)一人去那兒,然而它卻去了.
(3) —Do you like swimming?你喜歡游泳嗎?
—Yes,I do.是的,我喜歡.
2.當(dāng)整個(gè)從句被省略時(shí),可用so來代替.這樣的主句謂語動詞有：think,believe,guess,suppose,hope,be及疑問副詞why,how,if等.如：
(1) —Do you think the thief will be put into prison?你認(rèn)為那個(gè)賊會被打入監(jiān)牢嗎?
—Yes.I think so.是的,我認(rèn)為會.
(2) —Do you believe that he will come back from abroad?你認(rèn)為他會從國外回來嗎?
—Yes.I believe so.是的,我認(rèn)為他會回來.
(3) —It is said that Mary got her arm broken.據(jù)說瑪麗把手臂弄斷了.
—How so.怎么會這樣呢.
(4) —He must be in the classroom now.他現(xiàn)在肯定在教室里.
—If so,let’s go to the classroom to see him.如果她在教室里,我們就去那兒看他吧.
3.當(dāng)從句為否定,而整個(gè)從句被省略時(shí),可寫為don’t…so,也可只保留從句中的not.這樣的主句動詞有：think,believe,suppose等.如：
(1) —Do you think he will change his idea?你認(rèn)為他會改變主意嗎?
—No.I don’t think so.不,我認(rèn)為他不會.
(2) —Do you think English is difficult?你認(rèn)為英語難學(xué)嗎?
—No.I don’t think so.不,我認(rèn)為不難學(xué).
四、從句中的引導(dǎo)詞省略后,主謂倒裝
在虛擬條件句中含有were,should,had 時(shí),可將 if 省略,同時(shí)將 were,should,had 提到句首.如：
(1) Were I there,I would stop him doing that.要是我在那兒,我就會阻止他那樣做.
(2) Had he learnt English,he would be studying abroad.要是他以前學(xué)過英語,他會正在國外學(xué)習(xí).
(3) Should he like swimming,I couldn’t stop him.要是他喜歡游泳,我可阻止他不了.
以上這些就是省略句主要表現(xiàn)形式（揮汗中···）
細(xì)分的話還包括：疑問詞why引導(dǎo)的省略句,連系動詞的省略,主語+連系動詞”的省略,表語的省略,助動詞的省略,謂語的省略 等等.
總結(jié)太多怕你暈了,