解答情態(tài)動詞表示猜測的試題時,一要清楚被猜測的時間,二要清楚有無客觀事實根據(jù).若有客觀事實根據(jù),則無論是肯定還是否定的猜測,猜測語氣最強且符合時間要求的為最佳答案;情態(tài)動詞表示猜測時語氣從強到弱的順序是:must,will,would,ought to,should,can,may,could,might.若無客觀事實根據(jù),純憑主觀臆斷,則猜測語氣最弱且符合時間要求的為最佳答案.如:
1.I thought you __________ like something to read,so I have brought you some books.(MET 1986)
A.may B.might
C.could D.must
由題意可知被猜測的時間是(過去)將來,沒有客觀事實根據(jù),猜測語氣要求最弱,所以正確選項是B.
2.Peter __________ come with us tonight,but he isn't sure yet.(MET 1993)
A.must B.may
C.can D.will
由題意可知被猜測的時間是將來,沒有客觀事實根據(jù),猜測語氣要求最弱,所以正確選項是B.
3.It __________ last night,for the ground was wet this morning.
A.must have rained
B.may have rained
C.must rain
D.might rain
由題意可知被猜測的時間是過去,有客觀事實根據(jù)the ground was wet,猜測語氣要求最強,所以正確選項是A.
4.Mary __________ be in Paris,for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago.(MET 1994)
A.mustn't B.can't
C.shouldn't D.may not
由題意可知被猜測的時間是現(xiàn)在,有客觀事實根據(jù)I saw her in the town a few minutes ago,猜測語氣要求最強,所以正確選項是B(can't是m ust的否定式).
5—There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
—It __________ a comfortable journey.(NMET 1995)
A.can't be
B.shouldn't be
C.mustn't have been
D.couldn't have been
由題意可知被猜測的時間是過去,有客觀事實根據(jù)there were already five people...take me as well,猜測語氣要求最強,所以正確選項是D.
6.—When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoon.
—They __________ be ready by 12:00.(NMET 1998)
A.can B.should
C.might D.need
由題意可知被猜測的時間是將來,有客觀事實根據(jù)need them tomorrow afternoon,猜測語氣要求最強,所以正確選項是B.
7.—Are you coming to Jeff's Party
—I'm not sure.I __________ go to the concert instead.(NMET 2000)
A.must B.would
C.might D.should
由題意可知被猜測的時間是將來,沒有客觀事實根據(jù),猜測語氣要求最弱,所以正確選項是C.
情態(tài)動詞的推測性用法
用適當?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞表示講話者對客觀事物的主觀看法,這就是情態(tài)動詞的推測性用法.常用來表示推測的情態(tài)動詞有 might,may,must,can.might,may,must表示的可能性程度由弱變強,must表示"一定", can則一般用于疑問句或否定句中.例如:
1.They must be talking about us on the radio right now.
此刻,他們一定在電臺里談?wù)撐覀兊那闆r.
2.She may have missed her train.
她可能沒有趕上火車.
3.I don't know why he is late,he might have had an accident.
我不知道他為何遲到,可能遇上了事故.
4.Where can John have put the matches He can't have thrown them away.
約翰會把火柴放在哪兒呢 他不可能把火柴扔掉的.
5.That can't be the postman,it's only seven o'clock.
才七點鐘,不可能是郵遞員.
表示推測的情態(tài)動詞后的動詞不定式可用完成式,進行式和一般式三種.用完成式表示對過去情況的推測.例如:
6.Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.
她父親認為她一定碰上了仙女.
7.They must have studied English for years.
他們學習英語肯定有幾年了.
8.You may have left your glasses at the office.
你可能把眼鏡忘在辦公室了.
用進行式則表示對正在發(fā)生的動作的推測.例如:
9.He might be reading a newspaper now.
他可能正在看報紙.
10.He can't be working at this hour.
這個時候他肯定不會在工作.
推測性情態(tài)動詞后用不定式的一般式有兩種情況:如果不定式是狀態(tài)動詞,則表示對現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)的推測.如果不定式是動作動詞,則表示對將來動作的推測.例如:
11.Mary must have some problem ,she keeps crying.
瑪麗不停地哭,一定有了麻煩.
12.I saw that the camel must be blind in the right eye.
我知道這只駱駝右眼肯定瞎了.
13.Our team must win the game.
=I'm sure that our team will win the game.
我們隊肯定能贏這場比賽.
14.It might rain this evening.
=It's possi- ble that it will rain this evening.
今天傍晚天可能要下雨.
上述表明,推測性情態(tài)動詞是以現(xiàn)在(講話時)為基礎(chǔ),對過去,現(xiàn)在,將來的動作或狀態(tài)的推測.因此,在構(gòu)成陳述部分含有推測性情態(tài)動詞的反意疑問句時,要注意反意疑問句中動詞的不同形式.例如:
15.The boy must have thought John was mad,didn't he
那孩子肯定以為約翰瘋了,是嗎
16.Our teacher must have looked through our papers,hasn't he
老師一定批完了我們的試卷,是嗎
17.She must be playing basketball,isn't she
她一定在打籃球,是嗎
選擇下列各句的正確答案.
1.Hurry up,our teacher _____ for us at the school gate.
A.must be waiting
B.must wait
C.might waiting
D.can be waiting
2.She doesn't answer the doorbell,she _____ be asleep.
A.might to
B.might
C.must have
D.should
3."What has happened to George ""I don't know,he _____ lost."
A.can have got
B.may have got
C.might get
D.could get
4.Mr Li _____ be in Beijing because I saw him in town only a few minutes ago.
A.needn't
B.can't
C.shouldn't
D.mustn't
5.We can't blame John for the mistake.He wasn't here when we decided what to do.So _____ he about the plan.
A.wasn't
B.was known
C.can't be known
D.couldn't have known
6.My ballpen is nowhere to be found,I _____ while I was playing football.
A.must drop it
B.should have dropped it
C.must have dropped it
D.had dropped
7.It _____ be Li Ming who took my dictionary away.It be Zhang Hua who did it.
A.can't;must
B.mustn't;must
C.needn't;can
D.may not;can
8.The streets are all wet;It _____ rained heavily last night.
A.should
B.should have
C.must
D.must have
9.Tom must have learned Chinese for several years, _____ he
A.mustn't
B.hasn't
C.didn't
D.don't
10.Mr Wang must be at home now, _____ he
A.mustn't
B.doesn't
C.isn't
D.wasn't
11.She must have left for Shanghai, _____ she
A.mustn't
B.hasn't
C.didn't
D.doesn't
Key:1.A2.B3.B4.B5.D6.C7.A 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.C
1) must/may/might + have done 表對過去動作、事實、狀態(tài)推測
FOR EXAMPLE：
He must have arrived already. 他一定已經(jīng)到了.
They may have seen him. 他們可能見到過他.
They might not have considered me as their friend. 或許他們沒把我當成他們的朋友.
You might have let me known before! 你要是早點讓我知道就好了.
It was really very dangerous. You might have injured him. 真是很懸.你有可能把他打傷了.
If I had been less cautious I might have seen more wise. 如果我不那么謹慎,或許反倒聰明點.
2. could/can + have done 表埋怨,能做的沒做
could/can not + have done 表不能做的做了
FOR EXAMPLE,
You can have given me the book earlier. 你本來可以早點把書給我的.
You can not have forgotten me. 你不可能已忘記我了.
Indications are that the accident could have been prevented. 跡象表明,本來這次事故是可以避免的.
3.should/ought to + have done 表埋怨,該做的未做
should/ought not to + have done 表不該做的做了
FOR EXAMPLE,
He shouldn't have come to school at 9:00 am. 他不該早上9：00來上學.
He ought to have done the work himself. 這個工作他是應(yīng)該自己做的.
They oughtn't to have let you out of hospital so soon. 他們不應(yīng)當讓你這么早出院.
肯定的+have done表示本應(yīng)該做而實際上沒做,否定的+have done表示本不應(yīng)該做而實際上做了