某校課外興趣小組對(duì)一批粗鋅樣品(含有雜質(zhì),雜質(zhì)不溶于水,也不與酸反應(yīng))進(jìn)行分析,甲、乙、丙三組同學(xué)分別進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)記錄如下:
藥品 組別 | 甲 | 乙 | 丙 |
燒杯+稀硫酸/g | 152.5 | 152.5 | 252.5 |
粗鋅樣品 | 20 | 15 | 15 |
燒杯及剩余物/g | 172.1 | 167.1 | 267.1 |
請(qǐng)你認(rèn)真分析數(shù)據(jù),幫助他們回答下列問題(每組反應(yīng)均充分):
(1) ___ 組同學(xué)所取用的稀硫酸與粗鋅樣品恰好完全反應(yīng);
(2)計(jì)算粗鋅樣品中鋅的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù); ___
(3)計(jì)算原硫酸溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù); ___
(4)計(jì)算恰好完全反應(yīng)的那組實(shí)驗(yàn)所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù).(燒杯質(zhì)量為52.5g,計(jì)算結(jié)果精確到0.1%) ___ .
(1)利用質(zhì)量守恒定律分析三組實(shí)驗(yàn),可發(fā)現(xiàn)放出氫氣質(zhì)量均為0.4g,則甲組稀硫酸完全反應(yīng)、丙組樣品完全反應(yīng),因此乙組同學(xué)所取用的稀硫酸與粗鋅樣品恰好完全反應(yīng);
根據(jù)質(zhì)量守恒定律,生成H
2的質(zhì)量=152.5g+15g-167.1g=0.4g
設(shè)樣品中鋅的質(zhì)量為x,反應(yīng)消耗H
2SO
4的質(zhì)量為y,生成ZnSO
4的質(zhì)量為z.
Zn+H
2SO
4═ZnSO
4+H
2↑
65 98 161 2
x y z 0.4g
=
=
=
解之得:x=13g,y=19.6g,z=32.2g
(2)鋅樣品中鋅的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%=86.7%
(3)原硫酸溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
×100%=19.6%
(4)所得溶液中溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)=
19.6g |
152.5g-52.5g+13g-0.4g |
×100%≈17.4%
故答案為:(1)乙;(2)86.7%;(3)19.6%;(4)17.4%.