讓步狀語從句
開放分類： 英語、從句、語法、語言、復合句
引導讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑問詞,疑問詞-ever.下面對這些連詞引導的讓步狀語從句作一說明.
（1）though, although表示“雖然,縱然”之意.
這兩個連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用.在口語中,though較常使用,although比though正式,二者都可與yet, still或nevertheless連用,但不能與but連用.例如：
Alhough/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 雖然他已經精疲力竭了,但仍然繼續(xù)工作.
Although/Though he is very old, (yet)he is quite strong. 他雖然年紀大了,身體還很健壯.
值得注意的是,although引導的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多,though引導的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后.例如：
She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學習,考試卻及格了.
（2）as, though表示“雖然……但是”,“縱使……”之意.
as引導的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形,though間或也用于這樣的結構中,但although不可以這樣用.例如：
Object as you may, I " ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I " ll go.) 縱使你反對,我也要去.
Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)盡管他學習很努力,但幾乎沒取得什么進步.
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.）雖然他是一個孩子,但他知道該做什么.
Fast as you read, you can " t finish the book so soon. 縱然你讀得快,你也不能這么快讀完這本書.
（3）even if, even though 表示“即使……”,“縱使……”之意.
這兩個復合連詞的意思基本相同.它們常可互換使用,但意義有細微差別.even if引導的讓步從句含有強烈的假定性,而even though引導讓步狀語從句時,是以從句的內容為先決條件的,也就是說,說話人肯定了從句的事實.例如：
We " ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要作一次旅行.
Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很窮,但她還是愛他.
Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him. )盡管他很窮,但她還是愛她.
（4）whether...or...表示“不論是否……”,“不管是……還是……”之意.
由這一個復合連詞引導的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩個方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結果.例如：
You " ll have to attend the ceremony whether you " re free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個典禮.
Whether you believe it or not, it " s true.無論你是否相信,這都是真的.
（5）“no matter+疑問詞”或“疑問詞-ever”的含義為“……都……；不管……都……”,它們引導的讓步狀語從句可以互換.例如：
No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)無論發(fā)生了什么,他都不會介意的.
No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是誰,你都要遵紀守法.
但“no matter+疑問詞”結構只能引導讓步狀語從句,而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導名詞性從句.例如：
Whatever(=No matter what)you say, I won " t believe you. (Whatever 引導讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么,我都不會相信你.
I " ll eat whatever(≠no matter what)you give me. (whatever引導賓語從句)你給我吃什么,我就吃什么.
Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導主語從句) 不管誰來都受到歡迎.
此外,有時while也可以引導讓步狀語從句,但一般要位于句首.例如：
While I like the colour, I don " t like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色,但不喜歡那形狀.
綜上所述,我們可以看出,學習讓步狀語從句的關鍵是關聯(lián)詞的選用；其次,要注意的是由as引導的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序.
讓步狀語從句表示：雖然,盡管,即使等概念,由although（盡管）, though（盡管）, however（無論怎樣）, whatever（無論什么）, whoever（無論誰）, whomever（無論誰）, whichever（無論哪個）, whenever（無論何時）, wherever（無論哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where, when, etc) （無論……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等詞引導.
如： We won”t be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣.
It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一場精彩的球賽,盡管一個球都沒進.(though, although不能與 but連用)
Whether you believe it or not, it”s true.不管你信不信,這是真的.
However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I”ll take it.無論它有多貴,我也要買下它.
Don”t let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are.不管他們是誰,別讓他們進來.
No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I”m wrong.無論我說什么或怎么說,他總認為是我錯.
特別提醒
1.no matter
what（who,which,when,etc.）與whatever（whoever,whichever,whenever,etc.）的區(qū)別：
當引導讓步狀語從句時,兩者相同,可以互換,但當引導名詞性從句（主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同謂語從句）時則只能用whatever（whoever,whichever,whenever,etc）.如上面最后兩個例句可改為：
e．g． However pure the water looks,I do not want to drink it.
I want to marry the man I love, no matter who he may be.
下面句字不能用no matter結構:
Whoever comes back firs is supposed to win the prize.(主語從句)
I am ready to do whatever you want me to .（賓語從句）
2. as 引導讓步狀語從句的用法：
引導讓步狀語從句時,as意為“雖然,盡管”,通常從句要倒裝,倒裝的方法是將從句的表語或狀語放在as之前,而用though引導讓步狀語從句時句字則不必倒裝（口語中也可倒裝）.
e.g. Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.
Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….
他雖然年輕,但懂得很多.(though 也有這種用法,可以替換as,但although沒有這種用法)
though還可以用作副詞,放在句末.如：
It was hard work;; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦,但是我喜歡干.
3.用though/although, as 引導讓步狀語從句時,句中不能用but表示轉折語氣.
不能說：Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.
而要說：Though he looks weak, he is healthy.
或者說：He looks weak, but he is healthy.
我自己認為讓步就是存在一定條件下的說法