現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) - 定義現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且還有可能持續(xù)下去.
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) - 結(jié)構(gòu)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由“助動(dòng)詞have(has) + been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) - 用法
1、表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,并且還將持續(xù)下去.
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.
中國(guó)有2000年的造紙歷史.（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）
I have been learning English since three years ago.
自從三年前以來(lái)我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ).（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）
2、表示在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻之前剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作.
We have been waiting for you for half an hour.
我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了.（動(dòng)作不在繼續(xù)下去）
3、有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子.
They have been living in this city for ten years.
They have lived in this city for ten years.
他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了.
I have been working here for five years.
I have worked here for five years.
我在這里已經(jīng)工作五年了.
4、大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子.
I have been writing a book.（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）
我一直在寫(xiě)一本書(shū).
I have written a book.（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）
我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了一本書(shū).
They have been building a bridge.
他們一直在造一座橋.
They have built a bridge.
他們?cè)炝艘蛔鶚?
5、表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí).
I have known him for years.
我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了.
I have been knowing...
這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有：love愛(ài),like喜歡,hate討厭,等.
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) - 常用句型
1.肯定句：“主語(yǔ)+have(has) been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他.”例如：
I have been sitting here all the afternoon.我在這兒坐了一下午.
He has been collecting all kinds of stamps since he was ten years old.
自十歲起他就開(kāi)始收集各式各樣的郵票.
2.否定句：“主語(yǔ)+have(has) not been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他.”例如：
They haven't been meeting each other for five years.
他們有五年沒(méi)見(jiàn)面了.
He hasn't been teaching here these years.這些年他并沒(méi)有一直在這兒教書(shū).
3.一般疑問(wèn)句：“Have(Has) + 主語(yǔ) + been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”
其肯定回答：“Yes,主語(yǔ) + have(has).”否定回答：“No,主語(yǔ) + haven't (hasn't).”
【例如】：
— Have you been studying for the English test today?
你今天一直在準(zhǔn)備英語(yǔ)測(cè)試嗎?
— Yes,I have./ No,I haven't.
是的./ 不,我沒(méi)有.
— Has Daniel been skating for two years?丹尼爾滑冰已經(jīng)有兩年了嗎?
— Yes,he has./ No,he hasn't.
是的./ 不,他沒(méi)有.
4.特殊疑問(wèn)句：“ 特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + 一般疑問(wèn)句?”
【例如】：
What book have you been reading recently?最近你在看什么書(shū)?
How has your uncle been getting on with his work?
你叔叔的工作進(jìn)展得怎么樣?
注意事項(xiàng)
有些不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞,如be,have,like,love,know,see,hear等,同樣也不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),而應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).例如：
The poor woman has been ill for a long time.那可憐的婦人已經(jīng)病了好久了.
Have you seen her parents these days?　這些天你看見(jiàn)她的父母了嗎?
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) - 時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)比
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
如：
I have read the book.我讀過(guò)這本書(shū).
I have been reading the book.我一直在讀這本書(shū).【注】有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(如work,study,live,teach,stay等)
在表示持續(xù)一時(shí)間時(shí)用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多(只是用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行進(jìn)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性).如：How long have you worked [been working] here?
你在這兒工作多久了?
I’ve lived [been living] here since 1988.
自1988年以來(lái)我就一直住在這兒.
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只陳述事實(shí),而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一種感情色彩.
如：I have waited for two hours.我等了兩小時(shí).(陳述事實(shí))I have been waiting for two hours.我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí).(等得好辛苦)
3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常用來(lái)談?wù)撦^短暫的動(dòng)作或情況,若要談?wù)摃r(shí)間延續(xù)較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作或情況或永久性情況,則通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).
如：He has lived in Paris.他(一直)住在巴黎.He has been living in Paris.他(目前)住在巴黎.(表暫時(shí)性)
4.不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).
如：I’ve only known her for two day.我認(rèn)識(shí)她剛剛兩天.They’ve been married for twenty years.他們結(jié)婚已二十年了.The war has lasted for a long time.這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間.
5.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替.如：The house has been painted for a month.這房子已漆了一個(gè)月.The problem has been studied for five days.這個(gè)問(wèn)題已研究了五天