（一）賓語補(bǔ)足語：有些及物動詞在后接賓語后意義仍不完整,需加上賓語補(bǔ)足語來“補(bǔ)充賓語的行為、狀態(tài)、身份或特征等”.賓語與賓補(bǔ)共同組成“復(fù)合賓語”,邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系.
賓補(bǔ)修飾名詞或代詞.
賓補(bǔ)位于賓語后.
賓補(bǔ)的性質(zhì)：1.名詞.The couple named the baby Tom.2.形容詞.I found him always happy.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他總是快樂.3.短語.I found everything in good order.我發(fā)現(xiàn)一切井然有序.4.不定式（使役動詞后to省略）.You make cry.
（二）狀語：狀語說明“時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、讓步、比較”等.
狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子.
狀語無固定位置.
狀語的性質(zhì)：1.副詞.I sang a song happily.2.介詞短語.The class begin at 6 o'clock.3.不定式.I‘m glad to see you.4.分詞短語.I sat there,doing nothing.5.狀語從句.
（三）后置定語
定語修飾名詞或代詞.
后置定語位于修飾詞后.
后置定語的性質(zhì)：1.形容詞修飾不定代詞 時,均后置.I have something important to say.2.表語形容詞及少數(shù)分詞作定語時.All the people present today applaud for him.There is no time left.3.短語（包括分詞短語、不定式短語、形容詞短語、介詞短語、動詞不定式）和從句作定語時,置于被修飾詞后.A friend of mine…… A man that I want to kill.