從是否需要賓語來分,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類.
1)及物動(dòng)詞 后面必須跟賓語意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,叫做及物動(dòng)詞(transitive verb).如：
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委員會(huì)將會(huì)考慮我們的建議.
“How long can I keep the book ”Harry asked.哈里問：“這本書我可以借多久?”
Dr.Bethune set us a good example.白求恩大夫給我們樹立了好榜樣.
Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有許多有用的物質(zhì).
2)不及物動(dòng)詞 本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,叫做不及物動(dòng)詞(intransitive verb).如：
Birds fly.鳥會(huì)飛.
It happened in June 1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三；年六月.
My watch stopped.我的表停了.
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.她在昨天晚上的會(huì)上發(fā)了言.
3)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞 英語里有不少實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞.這樣的動(dòng)詞又有兩種不同的情況：
a)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),意義不變.試比較：
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻開始嗎?(begin作不及物動(dòng)詞)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她畢業(yè)后當(dāng)圖書館管理員.(began作及物動(dòng)詞)
When did they leave Chicago?他們是什么時(shí)候離開芝加哥的?(leave 作及物動(dòng)詞)
They left last week.他們是上周離開的.(left 作不及物動(dòng)詞)
b)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),有時(shí)意義不盡相同.如：
Wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手.
Does this cloth wash well?這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎?
4) 與漢語的比較 有時(shí)英語動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物的用法,與漢語的用法不一樣,請(qǐng)注意下列兩種情況：
a)有的動(dòng)詞在英語里只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞,而漢語則可用作及物動(dòng)詞,如arrive到達(dá),agree同意,1isten聽.英語里這些動(dòng)詞后面常接介詞.如：
We arrived at the railway station at noon.我們于中午到達(dá)火車站.(at不能省去)(比較：We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每個(gè)人都很有興趣地聽講課.(to不可省去)(比較：We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃嗎?(to不可省去)
b)有的動(dòng)詞在英語里能用作及物動(dòng)詞,而在漢語里則不能用作及物動(dòng)詞,如serve為…服務(wù).
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我們的兒童被教以全心全意為人民服務(wù)