1． 一般現(xiàn)在時
一般現(xiàn)在時的形式
是以動詞的原形表示的,當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,做謂語的動詞原形后要加上詞尾-s or –es,其構(gòu)成方式列表如下：
情況 構(gòu)成 例詞
一般情況 詞尾加-s Reads,writes
以ch,sh,s,x,o結(jié)尾的詞 詞尾加-es Teaches,washes,guesses,fixes,goes
以輔音字母+Y 結(jié)尾的詞 變Y為I,再加-es Tries,carries
但是,動詞to be 和to have 的一般現(xiàn)在時的形式特殊如下：
一般動詞的詞形變化 To be 的詞形變化 To have 的詞形變化
I know it I am a student I have a pen.
You know it.You are a student You have a pen
He (she) knows it.He (she) is a student.He (she)has a pen.
We (you,they) know it.We (you,they) are students.We (you,they) have pens.
一般現(xiàn)在時的功用
1.表示一直發(fā)生的事情,經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作：
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
Excuse me,do you speak English?
I get up at 8 o’clock every morning.
It often rains in summer in Beijing.
2.表示客觀事實或者真理：
Birds fly.
The earth goes around the sun.
3.談?wù)摃r間表、旅程表等,如：
What time does the film begin?
The football match starts at 8 o’clock.
Tomorrow is Thursday.
4.談?wù)摷?、國籍?如：
Where do you come from?
I come from China.你是哪國人?我是中國人.
Where do you come from?
I come from Guangzhou.你是哪里人?我是廣州人.
5.詢問或者引用書籍、通知或新近接到的信箋內(nèi)容,如：
What does that notice say?
What does Ann say in her letter?
She says she’s coming to Beijing next week.
Shakespears says,“Neither a borrower or a lender be.”
莎士比亞說：“既不要向人借錢,也不要借錢給別人.”
現(xiàn)在進行時
現(xiàn)在進行時是由助動詞to be 的現(xiàn)在時 + 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成：
肯定式 否定式 疑問式
I am working.You are working.He (she) is working.We (you,they) are working.I am not working.You are not working.He (she) is not working.We (you,they) are not working.Am I working?Are you working?Is he (she) working?Are we (you,they) working?
現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成,是在動詞原形上加—ing,但是應(yīng)該注意：
情況 變化 例詞
動詞以單個e 結(jié)尾 去掉e,加 ing Love _lovingArgue _ arguing
動詞以 —ee結(jié)尾 直接加 ing Agree_ agreeingSee _ seeing
動詞為單音節(jié)：以單一元音字母 + 單一輔音字母結(jié)尾 輔音字母雙寫,再加 ing Hit _ hittingRun _runningStop _ stopping
動詞為雙音節(jié)或者多音節(jié)：最后一個音節(jié)為重讀音節(jié),以單一元音字母 + 單一輔音字母結(jié)尾 輔音字母雙寫,再加 ing Be’gin be’ginningAd’mit ad’mitting
以 y 結(jié)尾的動詞 直接加 ing Carry carryingEnjoy enjoying
現(xiàn)在進行時的功用
1） 表示說話時正在發(fā)生或者進行的動作
Please don’t make so much noise,I’m studying.
Let’s get out.It isn’t raining any more.
2) 表示在現(xiàn)在相對較長一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作,但是說話一刻不一定在做的動作
Have you heard about Tom?He is building his own house.
David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing.
這些動作,在說話時并不一定在發(fā)生或進行,而是在包括說話的一剎那在內(nèi)的一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生、進行的.
3）表示最近的確定的安排
Ann is coming tomorrow.
Oh,is she?What time is she arriving?
At 10:15.
Are you meeting her at the station?
I can’t.I’m working tomorrow morning.
以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式來表示.但是談?wù)撘汛_定的安排時候,用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)顯得更加自然,除非受到動詞的功能的限制.在此,切不可用will,如：
Alex is getting married next month.不能用 will get married.
4) 和always 連用表示某種情緒,可能是厭煩也可能是贊揚,如：
Tom is always going away for weekends.
My husband is always doing homework.
有些動詞是表示一種狀態(tài)而不是動作,一般不用于進行時.例如,我們一般不說 I am knowing,而說 I know.常見的這類動詞有：
want like hate know see hear believe understand seem
think(相信) suppose remember need love realize mean forget prefer have （擁有）belong
To understand is to accept.理解就是接受
Do you like Beijing?
Do you see the rainbow?
I remember him very well.
I think I understand what he wants.
一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時的比較
一般現(xiàn)在時表示的是一般、重復(fù)的動作或者事情
現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話時或說話前后正在發(fā)生的動作或事情,如：
Tom plays tennis every Sunday.
Where’s Tom?-------He is playing tennis.
What do you do?你是干什么工作的?
What are you doing here?你在這里干什么?
一般現(xiàn)在時是表示經(jīng)久的情況,而現(xiàn)在進行時表示的是暫時的,如：
My parents live in Shanghai.They have been there for 50 years.
She’s living with some friends until she can find an apartment.