大熊貓是一種有著獨(dú)特黑白相間毛色的活潑動(dòng)物.它的拉丁名：Ailuropoda melanoleuca,指的就是它黑白相間的外表.大熊貓的種屬是一個(gè)爭(zhēng)論了一個(gè)世紀(jì)的問題,最近的DNA分析表明,現(xiàn)在國(guó)際上普遍接受將它列為熊科、大熊貓亞科的分類方法,目前也逐步得到國(guó)內(nèi)的認(rèn)可.國(guó)內(nèi)傳統(tǒng)分類將大熊貓單列為大熊貓科.它代表了熊科的早期分支.成年熊貓長(zhǎng)約120~190厘米,體重85到125公斤.獨(dú)特的特征包括：大而平的臼齒,它的一根腕骨已經(jīng)發(fā)育成了“偽拇指”這都是為了適應(yīng)以竹子為食的生活.與其他六種熊類不同,大熊貓和太陽熊都沒有冬眠行為.
大熊貓大熊貓是一種古老的動(dòng)物,被動(dòng)物學(xué)家稱為“活化石”.與它同一時(shí)期的動(dòng)物如劍齒虎等,早已滅絕并成為化石.大熊貓分布在我國(guó)四川北部、陜西和甘肅南部,是我國(guó)的一類保護(hù)動(dòng)物. 大熊貓學(xué)名本來叫“貓熊”,但當(dāng)時(shí)人們念字還是從右往左讀,結(jié)果“貓熊”成了“熊貓”.現(xiàn)在大家也就將錯(cuò)就錯(cuò)了.熊貓是哺乳動(dòng)物,身體肥胖,形狀像熊但要略小一些,尾巴短,眼睛周圍、耳朵、前后肢和肩部是黑色,其余都是白色.毛密而有光澤,耐寒.喜歡吃竹葉、竹筍. 大熊貓居住地帶的竹子,曾大面積開花、枯死,威脅著大熊貓的生存.全世界都極其關(guān)注珍稀動(dòng)物大熊貓的搶救和轉(zhuǎn)移工作.
大熊貓?bào)w型肥碩似熊,憨態(tài)可掬,但頭圓尾短.頭部和身體毛色絕大多數(shù)為黑白相間,即鼻吻端、眼圈（呈“八”字排列）、兩耳、四肢及肩胛部（橫過肩部相連成環(huán)帶）為黑色,其余即頭頸部、軀干和尾為白色.腹部淡棕色或灰黑色.其體長(zhǎng)120~180cm；尾長(zhǎng)10~20cm,白色；肩高一般為65～70cm；體重60~125kg.前掌除了5個(gè)帶爪的趾外,還有一個(gè)第六趾.背部毛粗而致密,腹部毛細(xì)而長(zhǎng).
熊貓棲息于長(zhǎng)江上游各山系的高山深谷,為東南季風(fēng)的迎風(fēng)面,氣候溫涼潮濕,其濕度常在80°以上,故它們是一種喜濕性動(dòng)物.它們活動(dòng)的區(qū)域多在坳溝、山腹洼地、河谷階地等,一般在20°以下的緩坡地形.這些地方土質(zhì)肥厚,森林茂盛,箭竹生長(zhǎng)良好,構(gòu)成為一個(gè)氣溫相對(duì)較為穩(wěn)定、隱蔽條件良好、食物資源和水源都很豐富的優(yōu)良食物基地.居住于海拔2400~3500米的高山竹林中.其生活環(huán)境濕度很大,溫差也比較大.
大熊貓大熊貓的食譜非常特殊,幾乎包括了在高山地區(qū)可以找到的各種竹子,大熊貓也偶爾食肉（通常是動(dòng)物的尸體,有時(shí)也吃竹鼠）.大熊貓獨(dú)特的食物特性使它被當(dāng)?shù)厝朔Q作“竹熊”.竹子缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng),只能提供生存所需的基本營(yíng)養(yǎng),大熊貓逐步進(jìn)化出了適應(yīng)這一食譜的特性.在野外,除了睡眠或短距離活動(dòng),大熊貓每天取食的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)14個(gè)小時(shí).一只大熊貓每天進(jìn)食12~38公斤食物,接近其體重的40%.大熊貓喜歡吃竹子最有營(yíng)養(yǎng)、含纖維素最少的部分,即嫩莖,嫩芽,和竹筍.大熊貓棲息地通常有至少兩種竹子.當(dāng)一種竹子開花死亡時(shí)（竹子每30~120年會(huì)周期性地開花死亡）,大熊貓可以轉(zhuǎn)而取食其他的竹子.但是,棲息地破碎化的持續(xù)狀態(tài)增加了棲息地內(nèi)只有一種竹子的可能,當(dāng)這種竹子死亡時(shí),這一地區(qū)的大熊貓便面臨饑餓的威脅.
The giant panda is one kind of unique black and white coat of lively animals. Its Latin name, refers to the melanoleuca Ailuropoda: it is black and white appearance. The giant panda species is an argument for a century, the problem of DNA analysis shows that the recent international will now accepted it as XiongKe, panda subfamilies classification method, and gradually gain national recognition. Chinese traditional classification for giant pandas will separate pandas. It represents the XiongKe early branches. Adult pandas grow about 1.9 cm long, 1.2 ~ 85 to 125 kg weight. Unique features include: tai ping molars, it has developed into a wrist "false" the thumb is to adapt to the bamboo of life. And the other six different, pandas and bears no sun bears hibernate behavior.
Giant panda is a kind of ancient animals, zoologist was called "living fossil". And it is the same period of animals, such as power, and become extinct. In northern sichuan panda in southern shaanxi and gansu provinces, the class in China, is to protect the animals. Name was called "giant pandas," but when people read the word or from right to left, "read" became a panda "panda". Now everybody also will wrong. Pandas are mammals, body fat, shaped like a bear cage but little short tail, eyes, ears, former hind, shoulders and is black, the rest are white. MaoMi and luster, cold. Like eating bamboo, bamboo shoots. Giant pandas live in large area, bamboo flowering, die, threatening survival of giant pandas. All over the world is rare animal rescues and transfer of giant pandas.
Panda is bigger size, but bear and childlike head round short tail. The head and body colors majority of black and white alternate with, namely for the client, eye (a kiss, "8" the word is arranged), two ears, limb and shoulder shoulder ministry (across) is connected to the band of black, head, body and tail is white. Abdominal light brown or to black. The length of 120 ~ 180cm, Long tail 10 ~ 20cm, white, Shoulder high average 65-70cm, Weight 125kg 60 ~. Except five with hands before the claw toe outside, still a sixth toe. Hair thick and dense, back abdomen capillary and long.
Panda habitat in upstream of the mountains, the east Asian monsoon geotechn ial to the surface cool weather, moisture, the humidity in 80 ° above, so they are a kind of good wet animals. Their activities in the region, depression, valley slope hollow rain-wet mountainsides, generally in 20 ° below slope topography. These places, lush forest soil hypertrophy, jian, constitute a relatively stable, a temperature condition good food, concealed and water resources are very rich fine food base. Live within 24-3500 m high in the forest. The living environment humidity, temperature and bigger.
Giant pandas very special diets, including the mountains region in almost all kinds of bamboo can be found, and occasionally meat (usually the carcass of an animal, sometimes eat bamboo rat). The giant panda is unique characteristics make it food by local people called "bamboo bear". Lack of nutrition, bamboo only needed for the survival of basic nutrition, the giant panda gradually evolved to adapt to this recipe. In the wild, besides morpheus or short activity, giant pandas eat of time every day for 14 hours. A giant pandas eat every 12-38 kilograms of food, close to its weight 40%. Pandas eat bamboo like most nutrition, including at least part of cellulose, i.e. tender bine, bud, and bamboo shoots. The giant panda habitat usually have at least two kinds of bamboo. When a bamboo flowering death (every 30 ~ 120 annual bamboo flowering periodically to death), giant pandas eat bamboo can other. However, habitat fragmentation of continuous state increased habitats within only one kind of bamboo, when the bamboo death, this area is a panda faces hunger.
