這個(gè)很復(fù)雜,我說的不一定全,反正常用的就是下面這些：
一、不定式的基本形式: to＋動(dòng)詞原形,有時(shí)可以省略to.
二、 動(dòng)詞不定式的特點(diǎn): （1）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,在句子中不能作謂語.
（2）動(dòng)詞不定式仍保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),可以有自己的賓語和狀語.動(dòng)詞不定式同它的賓語或狀語可構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語.如: to read a book; to sing at the party.
（3）動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征,因此,在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語.
三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語.即不定式直接跟在謂語動(dòng)詞后,是謂語動(dòng)詞涉及的直接對(duì)象.如果沒有這個(gè)不定式,這個(gè)句子的意思就讓人難以理解. 能直接帶不定式作賓語的及物動(dòng)詞主要有: want, like , love , need , try , ask , learn , begin , start , forget , remember, hope , wish , agree, choose , fail , refuse , decide , afford , offer , make sure , take turns , would like , plan , hate , try one’s best 等.
四、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語. 能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有: ask , tell , get , order , would like , want , teach , show , allow , encourage , warn , wish , invite ,help等.
五、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語: 即不定式直接跟在謂語動(dòng)詞后,僅對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞起一個(gè)補(bǔ)充說明的作用.如果沒有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作賓語那樣,與謂語動(dòng)詞有著密切的關(guān)系.（1）表示目的: The doctor came to operate on her. He has gone to town to do some shopping. I sat down to have a rest. He stopped to have a look. He rushed into the room to save the girl. The moved away the stone to let the traffic go. He got up to catch the train.
（2）表示結(jié)果: The girl cried only to make her mother angry.
（3）表示程度: She is too tired to walk any farther. She is strong enough to carry the heavy box.
（4）表示原因: I was surprised to read the news.
能帶不定式作狀語的形容詞有: glad , happy , pleased , angry , clever , careful , surprised , lucky ,ready ,sorry, amazed , afraid ,sad , unhappy , sure , free ,kind, nice , worried , easy , hard
六、不定式作定語: 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語,一般要放在被修飾詞的后面,不定式與所修飾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系. We have lots of work to do. Would you like something to drink? I want to get something to read during my holiday. That’s a difficult question to answer.
【注意】如果動(dòng)詞不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞,后面就應(yīng)有必要的介詞. 如: He is looking for a room to live in. Give me a piece of paper to write on. He has nothing to worry about. There is not enough space to stand in on the earth.. She is a nice person to work with. a place to go to.
七、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語: 如 To learn a foreign language is not easy.
在現(xiàn)代英語中,常用it來作形式主語,而把真正的動(dòng)詞不定式主語放在后面.即句型:
“It is＋形容詞＋for （ of） sb. to do sth.”中,當(dāng)形容詞是kind ,nice , good , clever , careful , careless , right , wrong , foolish 等表示人的性格特征時(shí), 用of ; 如果形容詞為difficult , easy , hard, important ,interesting, possible ,necessary 等表示事物的特征時(shí), 用for. It is necessary / important / easy / hard/ possible for us to learn English well. It is very kind /nice / good of you to help me with my English.
※ 在句型: 主語＋find / think / feel / make +it +形容詞+ to do sth.中,it為形式賓語.
I found it very important to learn English well. I think it easy to learn English well.
八、作表語: My job is to teach English. His wish is to become a scientist.
九、動(dòng)詞不定式和疑問詞連用.動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which , how , when , where ,who 等連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句子中作主語、賓語、表語等成分.這時(shí)往往可以擴(kuò)寫成賓語從句; The question is how to use the computer.
I don’t know where to go for my holiday =I don’t know where I can go for my holiday.
He can’t decide which book to choose.= He can’t decide which book he can choose.
I don’t know what I should do next=I don’t know what to do next.
十、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式: not to＋動(dòng)詞原形
Tell him not to be late. I will try not to read in bed.
十一、動(dòng)詞不定式省略to的場(chǎng)合:（1）作動(dòng)詞let, make , have, feel ,hear, see , watch , notice 等的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to. Let him do the work. He made me work day and night. I saw him fall off the bike.
（2）作動(dòng)詞help的賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),動(dòng)詞不定式可帶to,也可不帶to.
He didn’t help me（to）mend the bike. You have helped ( to ) protect our environment.
（3）在助動(dòng)詞和一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如will , would , shall , should , can , could , may , might , must , do , does , did , didn’t , don’t , doesn’t 等的后面,用動(dòng)詞原形,即動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to.
Will you help me? He doesn’t live here. It might rain . You must finish your homework on time.
（4）在why not…? , had better , would rather 等的后面也跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式.（原形）
Why not buy a dictionary? You had better （not）stay at home. I would rather go early.
（5）在第二個(gè)不定式前一般不帶to. I would like to lie down and go to sleep.
Do you want to eat now or wait till later?
※ 在下列答語中, to不能省略: －Will you join me in a walk?－I will be glad to.
－Will you go swimming with me this afternoon?－I would love to.
－Used he work in the factory?－Yes , he used to .
Exercises:
1. We must find a person （做這項(xiàng)工作）
2. In my family, my mother is always the first one （起床）
3. Do you have （什么問題要問）?
4. There are （許多重要事情要談）
5. This book is （不容易理解）
6.He was too excited （說不出話來）
7. Do you think him easy （容易相處）?
8. You must get him （今晚順便到這兒來）
9. It was not good （早晨起床晚）
10. It was a mistake （沒有幫他學(xué)英語）
11. Her wish is （成為一名大學(xué)生）
12.What worries me is （在會(huì)上演說些什么）
13. It is our duty （保護(hù)家園）
14. I opened the door （讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來）
一、 習(xí)慣上只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞
admit（承認(rèn)）,advise（建議）,allow（允許）,anticipate（預(yù)料）,appreciate（感激）,avoid（避免）,consider（考慮）,defer（延期）,delay（推遲）,deny（否認(rèn)）,detest（討厭）,discuss（討論）,dislike（不喜歡）,dread（擔(dān)心）,enjoy（喜愛）,escape（逃脫）,excuse（原諒）,fancy（設(shè)想）,finish（完成）,forbid（禁止）,forgive（原諒）,imagine （想像）,keep（保持）,loathe（厭惡）,mention（提及）,mind（介意）,miss（沒趕上）,pardon（原諒）,permit（允許）,practice（練習(xí)）,prevent（阻止）,prohibit（禁止）,propose（建議）,recollect（記得）,report（報(bào)告）,resent（憤恨）,resist（抵制）,risk（冒險(xiǎn)）,stand（容忍）,stop（停止,阻止）,suggest（提議）,understand（理解）
二、接動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語且意義相差不大的動(dòng)詞
like（喜歡）,love（喜歡）,hate（憎恨）,prefer（寧可）,begin（開始）,start（開始）,continue（繼續(xù)）,can’t bear（不能忍受）,bother（麻煩）,intend（想要）,cease（停止）
三、 接動(dòng)名詞或者不定式作賓語但意義不同的動(dòng)詞
接動(dòng)名詞或者不定式作賓語但意義不同的動(dòng)詞
1、remember(記得),forget(忘記),regret(后悔),stop（停止）
（1）后接不定式時(shí)指該不定式所表示的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生.例如：
Remember to clean your room. 記得打掃房間.(還未打掃,先是remember,之后才clean)
He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘記要給我付錢了.(尚未付錢,forgot時(shí)還沒pay)
He stopped to listen, but heard nothing. 他停下來聽了聽,但什么聲音也沒有聽到.（先停后聽）
（2）后接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)則指該動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生.例如：
I remember cleaning the classroom. 我記得打掃了教室.(已打掃過)
He forgot paying me the money. 他忘記曾給我付過錢.(已付過錢了)
He stopped speaking. 他不講話了.（先說后停）
（3）注意：go on to do sth 和go on doing sth 也有類似差別：前者表示做完某事后接著做另一事,后者表示繼續(xù)做正在做的事.例如：
You shouldn’t go on living this way. 你不應(yīng)該再這樣生活下去了.(go on 后接doing通常被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)在分詞而不是動(dòng)名詞)
Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完這個(gè)練習(xí)后, 請(qǐng)接著做其他的練習(xí)
2、try 后接不定式表示設(shè)法做某事,接動(dòng)名詞表示做某事試試(看有什么效果).例如：
I’ll try to come tomorrow. 我明天設(shè)法來.
Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱們敲敲后門試試.
3、mean 后接不定式表示打算(想要)做某事,接動(dòng)名詞表示意味著(做某事,接動(dòng)名詞表示意味著要)做某事.例如：
He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要傷害你.
This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了這種病就意味著要住院.
4、can’t help后接動(dòng)名詞表示禁不住做某事,接不定式表示不能幫助做某事.例如：
He couldn’t help crying when he heard the news. 他聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)禁不住哭了.
The medicine can’t help to get rid of your cold. 這藥不能幫你治好感冒.
四、接“邏輯主語+動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞
接“邏輯主語+動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞
有些動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)通常帶有邏輯主語,構(gòu)成“動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)名詞”或者“動(dòng)詞+物主形容詞/名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu).此類動(dòng)詞通常有：dislike(或like的否定句),dread, fancy, mean, mind, involve, propose, recollect, remember, resent, save, stop, suggest, understand等.例如：
My father dislikes me/my working late. 我父親不喜歡我工作到很晚.
He resented me/my being promoted before him. 他不滿我先于他提升.
I don’t remember our teacher(’s) complaining. 我不記得老師曾抱怨過.
Do you mind his/him sitting here? 你介意他坐這兒?jiǎn)?
excuse, forgive, pardon和prevent后除了可以用上述結(jié)構(gòu)外,還可以接“代詞+介詞+動(dòng)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu).例如：
Forgive my/me calling you up so early. 請(qǐng)?jiān)徫疫@么早給你打電話.
Forgive me for calling you up so early. 請(qǐng)?jiān)徫疫@么早給你打電話.
You can’t prevent his/him spending his own money. 你不能阻止他花他自己的錢.
You can’t prevent him from spending his own money. 你不能阻止他花他自己的錢.
五、 接不定式或者現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞
此類動(dòng)詞通常是see, hear, feel, smell, listen to, notice, watch等感官動(dòng)詞.我們一般用現(xiàn)在分詞來表示正在進(jìn)行的未完成的動(dòng)作；用不定式表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作,或非延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作,此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞不定式在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中不帶to,在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中必須帶to.例如：
I saw him playing basketball on the playground. 我看見他在操場(chǎng)上打籃球.（正在打,部分過程）
I saw him play basketball on the playground. 我看見他在操場(chǎng)上打籃球.（打完球了,全過程；主動(dòng)句,無to）
He was seen to play basketball on the playground. 有人看見他在操場(chǎng)上打籃球.（被動(dòng)句,要帶to）
I noticed him buy a pen in the shop. 我看見他在商店里買了一支筆.（buy為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）
We often hear her sing in the classroom. 我們經(jīng)常聽見她在教室里唱歌.（經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作）