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定語從句
一、定語從句（一）：
1.定語從句的概念：
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句.
2.先行詞：
被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞.
3.關(guān)系詞：
引導(dǎo)定語從句的連詞叫關(guān)系詞.如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等.
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句.
關(guān)系詞 指代 在定語從句中的作用
that 既指人也指物 作主語、賓語
which 指物 作主語、賓語
who 指人 作主語
whom 指人 作賓語
whose 既指人也指物 作定語
二、定語從句（二）
1.先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下,只能用that不用which.
1).當(dāng)先行詞為指物的不定代詞,如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等時(shí),只能用that.
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .
2).當(dāng)先行詞被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that.
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .
3).先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí),只能用that .
This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .
4).先行詞為最高級或被最高級修飾時(shí),只能用that.
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=
I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .
5).先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能that .
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
2.先行詞是物時(shí),一般情況既可用that也可用which.但下列情況下,只能用which不用that.
1).關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which .
This is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行詞本身是that時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用which .
The clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引導(dǎo)非限定性的定語從句（先行詞是物且先行詞與關(guān)系詞用逗號隔開）,關(guān)系詞用which.
His book ,______ was lost last week ,has been found now.
3.先行詞是人時(shí),一般情況下既可用who 也可用that .但以下情況下,只能用who.
1).當(dāng)先行詞為those、one、ones、anyone且作主語時(shí),一般用who .
Those ______ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中,先行詞指人時(shí),只能用who.指物時(shí)用that.
There is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).當(dāng)先行詞是I、you、he、they等時(shí),只能用who .
He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
三、定語從句（三）.
由關(guān)系副詞when、where、why引導(dǎo)的定語從句.
where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which
1.由where引導(dǎo)的定語從句.
1).先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞 2).在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語
Is this the house ______ you lived = Is this the house _____ _____ you lived
= Is this the house _____ you lived in
2.由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句.
1).先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞 2).在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注：先行詞是the last time 時(shí),when 可省略.
When was the last time you saw the parrot
3.由why引導(dǎo)的定語從句.
先行詞為reason 時(shí),一般用why .why在句中作原因狀語.
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .
四、注意事項(xiàng)：
1.關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時(shí),?？墒÷?
The story _____ he told was very popular .
A.who B.whom C.whose D./
2.that、who、which在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致.
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs .
She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3.在定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)代替先行詞的人稱代詞.
Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?
A.which you bought B.that you bought it C.you bought D.you bought it
4.定語從句中whose 的確定：
無論先行詞是人或物,在定語從句中做定語用whose.
判斷：看定語從句的主語前有無限定詞（my、your、Jim’s等）,若沒有,則用whose .
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .
A.who B.whose C.which D.that
I know the boy .His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.
五、定語從句的簡化
把定語從句簡化為形容詞短語、過去分詞短語、介詞短語、現(xiàn)在分詞短語.
1.She reveived a box which was full of presents .
She reveived a box _____ _____ presents .
2.He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.
He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun .
3.I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it .