分析： 

現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成方法如下 ：  一般情況下,直接在動(dòng)詞原形后面加 -ing.  
going asking finding working being seeing printing raining standing studying speaking spelling  

 以不發(fā)音的-e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去-e ,再加-ing.如： coming taking firing encircling writing becoming breathing leaving   

閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)詞,或以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞,這些詞的末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加 -ing.  
sitting running getting cutting stopping beginning planning permitting  

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ed”構(gòu)成,具體變化有：  

直接在詞尾加-ed.如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned  

 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的在詞尾加-d.如：like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved   

   3. 以一個(gè)元音字母加一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,先雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母,再加-ed.如：stop—stopped, trip—tripped  

 4. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed.如：study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married  

 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式見課本后的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表.大體上歸納有以下六條記憶法：   1. 以t結(jié)尾的詞,過去式與原形相同.如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat   2. 以d結(jié)尾的詞,把d變成t.如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent   3. 以n結(jié)尾的詞,在詞后加t.如：mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt   4. 以ow / aw結(jié)尾的詞,把ow / aw變成ew.如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew   5. 含有雙寫字母的詞,將雙寫改為單寫,在詞尾加t.如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt   6. 含有元音字母o / i的詞,將o / i變成a.如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank 

規(guī)則動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed有三種讀音：   1. 在清輔音后讀作[t].如：asked, helped, watched, stopped   2在濁輔音和元音后讀作[d].如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called   3. 在t / d后讀作[id].如：wanted, needed