一、形容詞與副詞：
1、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級：
（1）形容詞和副詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成.a.規(guī)則變化；b.不規(guī)則變化；
a.規(guī)則變化:
一般是加er和 est
b.不規(guī)則變化:
1)當(dāng)有y結(jié)尾的,改y為i加er和est
2)當(dāng)有重讀的閉音節(jié)時（如big是閉音節(jié),而且重讀,一般是單音節(jié),少數(shù)是雙音節(jié)）時,雙寫末尾字母再加er和est
3)大多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞和所有多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more和most
4)特殊詞有特殊的比較級和最高級
good-better-best
bad-worse-worst
hit-hit-hit
（2）形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級的用法；
1. -Which is ____ season in Beijing?(2003年)
-I think it's autumn.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
解析：正確答案為D.該題的核心詞為season.根據(jù)比較級與最高級的知識,兩者之間用比較級,而三者或三者以上用最高級,北京有四季,因此本題應(yīng)選擇最高級.又因為形容詞最高級前要加定冠詞the,因此答案為D.
2. - Which is__________ , the sun, the moon or the earth?(2004年)
-- Of course, the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
解析：正確答案為D.該題的核心詞在第一句句尾,"the sun, the moon or the earth",提問的對象為三者,應(yīng)該選擇最高級.
3. The air in Beijing is getting much _____ now than a few years ago.(2005年)
A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest D. the cleanest
解析：正確答案為B.該題的核心詞為than,than一詞是比較級的標(biāo)志.
4. Mobile phones are very popular now and they are _____ than before.(2005年)
A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest
解析：正確答案為B.該題與第三題相似,核心詞為than.
（3）“as+形容詞/副詞原型+as”和“so+形容詞/副詞原型+as”的用法.
as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as
1）在否定句或疑問句中可用so… as.
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
補充知識：
2）當(dāng)as… as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式.
as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞
as + many/much +名詞
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can……
1）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時,放在as的前面.
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
2）倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as <=> 倍數(shù)+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
比較級形容詞或副詞 + than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
注意：
1）要避免重復(fù)使用比較級.
（錯）He is more cleverer than his brother.
（對）He is more clever than his brother.
（對）He is clever than his brother.
2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中.
（錯）China is larger that any country in Asia.
（對）China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3）要注意對應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則.
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）要注意冠詞的使用,后有名詞的時候,前面才有可能有名詞.
比較：
Which is large,Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country,Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
二、冠詞：
冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義.英語中的冠詞有三種,一種是定冠詞（the Definite Article）,另一種是不定冠詞（the Indefinite Article）,還有一種是零冠詞（Zero Article）.
1、不定冠詞的用法；
不定冠詞a (an)與數(shù)詞one 同源,是"一個"的意思.a用于輔音音素前,一般讀作[e],而an則用于元音音素前,一般讀做[en].
1) 表示"一個",意為one；指某人或某物,意為a certain.
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2) 代表一類人或物.
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
補充： 詞組或成語.
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a
hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
2、定冠詞的用法；
定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有"那（這）個"的意思,但較弱,可以和一個名詞連用,來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西.
1）特指雙方都明白的人或物：
Take the medicine. 把藥吃了.
2）上文提到過的人或事：
He bought a house. I've been to the house.
他買了幢房子.我去過那幢房子.
3）指世上獨一物二的事物：
the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth
4）單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物,如：the dollar 美元;
the fox 狐貍；或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人：the rich 富人; the living
生者.
5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only, very, same等前面：
Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二層.
That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的東西.
6）與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個群體：
They are the teachers of this school.指全體教師)
They are teachers of this school.(指部分教師)
7）表示所有,相當(dāng)于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前：
She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂.
8）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機關(guān)團體、階級、等專有名詞前：
the People's Republic of China中華人民共和國
the United States美國
9）用在表示樂器的名詞之前：She plays the piano. 她會彈鋼琴.
10) 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前,表示一家人：