1. 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般過去時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般將來時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：情態(tài)動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被動語態(tài)：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
1．由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句
一般情況下that可指人或物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語,但不能作介詞的賓語.如：
The comrade that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．正在會上講話的那個同志是個先進工人.
Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday?這就是你們昨天談?wù)摰哪俏会t(yī)生嗎?
The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．昨天我收到的信是我父親寄來的.
2．由who,whom和whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句
who在從句中作主語,whom在從句中作賓語,whose在從句中作定語.如：
This is the thief who stole my bike．這就是偷我自行車的那個賊.
He is the boy whom you wanted to find．他就是你想要找的那個男孩.
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．媽媽是個醫(yī)生的那個女孩在外面等你.
3．由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句
which指物,在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語.如：
The book which Mum bought me last week is called“Red Star Over China”．媽媽上周買給我的那本書名叫《西行漫記》.
The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum．魯迅曾經(jīng)住過的那所房子現(xiàn)在是魯迅博物館.
4．由where,when和why引導(dǎo)的定語從句
where在從句中作地點狀語,when在從句中作時間狀語,why在從句中作原因狀語.如：
I will never forget the day when I joined the League．我永遠忘不了我入團的那一天.
He will go back to the school where he studied next week．下周他要回到他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過的學(xué)校.
I don't know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin．我不知道他同張琳吵架的原因.