遭遇火海教你"十招"避險
火災致人傷亡的兩個主要方面：一是濃煙毒氣窒息,二是火焰的燒傷和強大的熱輻射.只要能避開或降低這兩種危害,就可以保護自身安全,減輕傷害.因此,多掌握一些火場自救的要訣,困境中也許就能獲得第二次生命.
1.火災自救,時刻留意逃生路
每個人對自己工作、學習或居住的建筑物的結構及逃生路徑要做到有所了解,要熟悉建筑物內的消防設施及自救逃生的方法.這樣,火災發(fā)生時,就不會走投無路了.當你處于陌生的環(huán)境時,務必留心疏散通道、安全出口及樓梯方位等,以便關鍵時候能盡快逃離現(xiàn)場.
2.撲滅小火,惠及他人利自身
當發(fā)生火災時,如果火勢不大,且尚未對人造成很大威脅時,應充分利用周圍的消防器材,如滅火器、消防栓等設施將小火控制、撲滅.千萬不要驚慌失措地亂叫亂竄,或置他人于不顧而只顧自己“開溜”,或置小火于不顧而釀成大災.
3.突遇火災,保持鎮(zhèn)靜速撤離
突然面對濃煙和烈火,一定要保持鎮(zhèn)靜,迅速判斷危險地點和安全地點,決定逃生的辦法,盡快撤離險地.千萬不要盲目地跟從人流和相互擁擠、亂沖亂竄.只有沉著鎮(zhèn)靜,才能想出好辦法.
4.盡快脫離險境,珍惜生命莫戀財
在火場中,生命貴于金錢.身處險境,逃生為重,必須爭分奪秒,切記不可貪財.
5.迅速撤離,匍匐前進莫站立
在撤離火災現(xiàn)場時,當濃煙滾滾、視線不清、嗆得你喘不過氣來時,不要站立行走,應該迅速地爬在地面上或蹲著,以便尋找逃生之路.
6.善用通道,莫入電梯走絕路
發(fā)生火災時,除可以利用樓梯等安全出口外,還可以利用建筑物的陽臺、窗臺、天窗等攀到周圍的安全地點,或沿著落水管、避雷線等建筑結構中凸出物滑下樓.
7.煙火圍困,避險固守要得法
當逃生通道被切斷且短時間內無人救援時,可采取尋找或創(chuàng)造避難場所、固守待援的辦法.首先應關緊迎火的門窗,打開背火的門窗,用濕毛巾、濕布堵塞門縫或用水浸濕棉被蒙上門窗,然后不停用水淋透房間,防止煙火滲入,固守待援.
8.跳樓有術,保命力求不損身
火災時有不少人選擇跳樓逃生.跳樓也要講技巧,跳樓時應盡量往救生氣墊中部跳或選擇有水池、軟雨篷、草地等方向跳；如有可能,要盡量抱些棉被、沙發(fā)墊等松軟物品或打開大雨傘跳下,以減緩沖擊力.
9.火及己身,就地打滾莫驚跑
火場上當自己的衣服著火時,應趕緊設法脫掉衣服或就地打滾,壓滅火苗；能及時跳進水中或讓人向身上澆水、噴滅火劑就更有效了.
10.身處險境,自救莫忘救他人
任何人發(fā)現(xiàn)火災,都應盡快撥打“119”電話呼救,及時向消防隊報火警.
Encounter the flames to teach you ten strokes " " hedge
The two main aspects of the casualties caused by fire: one is the smoke gas suffocation, two is the flame burns and powerful radiation. As long as it can avoid or reduce the two harm, can protect their safety, alleviate the damage. Therefore, multi master some fire self-help tips, difficulties may can gain second life.
1 fire self-help, always pay attention to escape Road
The structure of each person on their own work, study or living building and escape path to do to understand somewhat, must be familiar with the method of building fire facilities and self rescue escape. So, when the fire occurs, it will not be driven into a corner. When you are in unfamiliar environment, be sure to watch the evacuation routes, safety exit and staircase position, so that the key to flee the scene as soon as possible.
2 put out a small fire, benefit others and themselves
When there is a fire, if the fire is small, and not to cause great threat, should make full use of the surrounding fire equipment, such as fire extinguishers, fire hydrant facilities will be small, put out the fire control. Don't be confound at their directions, or the others to disregard and self-centered "sneak out", or buy small fire had inflicted on lead.
3 caught fire, keep calm speed evacuated
Suddenly faced with smoke and fire, must keep calm, quickly judge dangerous place and safe place, decided to escape to evacuate Xiande as soon as possible. Don't blindly follow the flow of people and pushing each other, blunt rampant. Only cool, to come up with a good solution.
4 as soon as possible out of the woods, cherish life Liancai Mo
In a fire, life is more than money. The danger, escape is heavy, must seize every minute and second, remember not money.
5 rapid evacuation, crawl Mo standing
In the evacuation of fire site, when the smoke, the line of sight is not clear, makes you breathless, don't stand up and walk, should quickly climbed on the ground or squat down, to find out the way to escape.
6 use channel, only take the lift
When a fire occurs, can use the stairs safety export outside, still can use buildings balcony, windowsill, sunroof, climb to a safe location around, or along the ground, lightning conductor structure projections slide down the stairs.
7 fireworks besieged, hedge adherence to do it
When the escape routes cut and a short time when no rescue, can adopt find or create shelter, adherence to the kind of way. First of all should be vital to meet the fire doors, fire open back door, with a wet towel, wet cloth under water wet quilt or blocked by doors and windows, and then keep water drenching room, prevent smoke infiltration, adherence to aid.
8 jump off building art, life insurance and to not harm
Many people choose to jump off building fire escape. Jump off building to speak skills, jump off building should be central to the life-saving air jump or select a pool, soft awning, meadow direction jump; if possible, try to embrace some quilts, sofa cushion loose items or open large umbrella jump, in order to reduce the impact force.
9 fire and oneself, on-site stampedes roll Mo
The fire his clothes caught on fire, should be to try to take off clothes or roll over on the ground, put out the flames; can promptly jumped into the water or let a person to water, spray extinguisher is more effective.
10 the danger, self-help MO forget save others
Any person who finds a fire, should as soon as possible to dial "119" telephone call, promptly to report a fire.