將碳酸鈉和硫酸鈉的固體混合物12.2g放入燒杯中,再加入一定質(zhì)量的稀硫酸使其恰好反應(yīng),測得反應(yīng)后所得溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為17.5%,燒杯和所盛物質(zhì)的總質(zhì)量(m)與反應(yīng)時間(t)的關(guān)系如圖所示.計算:
![](http://hiphotos.baidu.com/zhidao/pic/item/4d086e061d950a7b2d41947509d162d9f2d3c90f.jpg)
(1)原固體混合物中碳酸鈉的質(zhì)量分數(shù)(精確到0.1%).
(2)所用稀硫酸中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù).
根據(jù)質(zhì)量守恒定律,二氧化碳的質(zhì)量=102.2g-100g=2.2g
設(shè)碳酸鈉的質(zhì)量為x,硫酸溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量為y,生成的硫酸鈉的質(zhì)量為z
Na
2CO
3+H
2SO
4=Na
2SO
4+CO
2↑+H
2O
106 98 142 44
x y z 2.2g
= x=5.3g
×100%≈43.4%
= y=4.9g
= z=7.1g
反應(yīng)后所得溶液中硫酸鈉的質(zhì)量為:7.1g+(12.2g-5.3g)=14g
所得溶液質(zhì)量:
=80g
稀硫酸的質(zhì)量=80g+2.2g-12.2g=70g
×100%=7%
答:原固體混合物中碳酸鈉的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為:43.4%;所用稀硫酸中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為7%