及物動詞后可以加賓語,不及物動詞后不可以加賓語!
如果你想要分得仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)就看下面的講解和例句!
(一、) 分清及物不及物:
分清動詞的及物不及物是在英語學(xué)習(xí)中必須解決的首要問題.動詞及物與不及物通常有以下幾種情況：
a．主要用作及物動詞.及物動詞后面必須跟賓語.可以用于："主＋謂＋賓"；"主＋謂＋雙賓"；"主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu).如：
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
Please hand me the book over there.
They asked me to go fishing with them.
類似的還有：buy,catch,invent,found,like,observe,offer,prevent,promise,raise,find,forget,receive,regard,see,say,seat,supply,select,suppose,show,make,take,tell.
b．主要用作不及物的動詞.不及物動詞后面不跟賓語.只能用與："主＋謂"結(jié)構(gòu).
This is the room where I once lived.
類似的還有：agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.
c．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞,其意義不變.如begin 都是作"開始"講.everybody ,our game begins.let us begin our game.類似的還有：start,answer,sing,close,consider,insist,read,learn,prepare,pay,hurt,improve.
d．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動詞,其意義完全不同.
這類動詞作不及物動詞是一個(gè)意義；而作及物動詞時(shí)卻是另一個(gè)意義.如lift作不及物動詞時(shí)是指煙霧的"消散".we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.作及物動詞時(shí)是"升高；舉起".
He lifted his glass and drank.
類似的還有：beat vi.跳動 vt.敲、打; grow vi.生長 vt.種植
play vi.玩耍 vt.打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.發(fā)出（氣味） vt.嗅
ring vi.（電話、鈴）響vt.打電話 speak vi.講話 vt.說（語言）
hang vi.懸掛 vt.絞死 operate vi.動手術(shù) vt.操作
及物動詞不需要介詞
在英語錯(cuò)誤中,"及物動詞＋介詞＋賓語"（transitive verb+preposition+object）,是常見的一種.所謂及物動詞,就是謂語動詞（predicative verb）,不必通過介詞引薦賓語.相反的,不及物動詞（intransitive verb）是不帶賓語的.有許多動詞,雖然性質(zhì)是及物的,但不一定要有賓語,如下列的①a和②a便是這種情形：
①a.We study every day.
b.Do you study English every day.
②a.Please write clearly next time.
b.Can you write your composition now?
如果本質(zhì)上就是不及物動詞,就不會有賓語；若要賓語,就要借介詞之助,一起連用才行,如③b和④b;③a和④a是錯(cuò)的；
*③a.The children are listening the music.
b.The children are listening to the music.
*④a.She is laughing the crippled man.
b.She is laughing at the crippled man.
反之,及物動詞不必靠介詞,就可以帶賓語,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和 ⑥：
⑤ John is giving a book to me.
⑥ Who will answer this question?
如果無意中把介詞加上,就錯(cuò)了,如：
*⑦ Who will answer to this question?
下列這句從房地產(chǎn)廣告中看到的句子,也犯了同樣的錯(cuò)：
"We have many buyers awaiting for available units here."
"Awaiting"是個(gè)及物動詞,后面的介詞"for"是多余的,要去掉；不然把"awaiting"改為"waiting for"也行.
許多人習(xí)慣上喜歡把介詞加到及物動詞后面,然后才帶出賓語.最常見的是"emphasize/stress on/upon"和"discuss about",如：
⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.
⑨ In our education system,we stress upon examination results.
⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.
顯然的,這三句里的介詞"on/upon"和"about"是多余的,不必要的.
下面是些類似的錯(cuò)誤：
● The young must obey to their elders.
● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.
● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.
● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.
● Do you hope to serve for your nation?
● When did Susan marry with Paul?
介詞"to,on,from,for,with"都要去掉才對.
為什么會有這些錯(cuò)誤呢?主因是分不清楚及物動詞和不及物動詞的性質(zhì).其次,就是對同一個(gè)動詞及其名詞的句型有些混淆.解決之道有二.第一,要把"及物動詞＋賓語"和"不及物動詞＋介詞＋賓語"劃分清楚,如：
I did not answer him./ I did not reply to him.
He reached Londan yesterday./ He arrived in London yesterday.
第二,把及物動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞,然后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和賓語,如：
Don't approach such a person.
Is oral practice a good approach to language teaching?