大多數(shù)形容詞（性質形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級,用來表示事物的等級差別.原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種.
1) 規(guī)則變化
單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er,-est來構成比較級和最高級.
構成法 原級 比較級 最高級
一般單音節(jié)詞 tall(高的) taller tallest
未尾加-er,-est great(巨大的) greater greatest
以不發(fā)音的e結尾 nice(好的) nicer nicest
的單音詞和少數(shù) large(大的) larger largest
以- le結尾的雙 able（有能力的) abler ablest
音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st
以一個輔音字母 big(大的) bigger biggest
結尾的閉音節(jié)單 hot熱的) hotter hottest
音節(jié)詞,雙寫結
尾的輔音字母,
再加-er,-est
"以輔音字母+y" easy(容易的) easier easiest
結尾的雙音節(jié)詞,busy(忙的) busier busiest
改y為i,再加
-er,-est
少數(shù)以-er,-ow clever(聰明的) cleverer cleverest
結尾的雙音節(jié)詞 narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
未尾加-er,-est
其他雙音節(jié)詞和 important(重要的)
多音節(jié)詞,在前 more important
面加more,most most important
來構成比較級和 easily(容易地)
最高級. more easily
most easily
2) 不規(guī)則變化
原級 比較級 最高級
good(好的)/ better best
well(健康的)
bad (壞的)/ worse worst
ill(有病的)
old (老的) older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many(多的) more most
little(少的) less least
far (遠的) farther/further farthest/furthest
as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as
1）在否定句或疑問句中可用so… as.
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2）當as… as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式.
as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞
as + many/much +名詞
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can..
3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時,放在as的前面.
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
4) 倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as倍數(shù)+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of that one.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
比較級形容詞或副詞 + than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
注意：
1）要避免重復使用比較級.
(錯) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(對) He is more clever than his brother.
(對) He is clever than his brother.
2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中.
(錯) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(對) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.
3）要注意對應句型,遵循前后一致的原則.
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
4）要注意冠詞的使用,后有名詞的時候,前面才有可能有名詞.
比較：Which is large, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
可修飾比較級的詞
1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語.
3）以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面.
典型例題:
1） ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes,I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good
D. quite better
答案：B. any 可修飾比較級,quite修飾原級,well的比較級為better.
2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much
D. more much
答案：C. much可修飾比較級,因此B,C都說得通,但easier本身已是比較級,不需more,因此C為正確答案.
3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
答案：D.
many,old 和 far
1) 如果后接名詞時, much more +不可數(shù)名詞
many more +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)
2) old 有兩種比較級和最高級形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest. elder,eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關系.
My elder brother is an engineer.
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
3) far 有兩種比較級,farther,further. 在英語中兩者都可指距離.
在美語中,father 表示距離,further表示進一步.
I have nothing further to say.
the + 最高級 + 比較范圍
1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級前可不用.
形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級的含義,只表示"非常".
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
注意： 使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內.
(錯) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(對) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2) 下列詞可修飾最高級,by far, far, much, mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意：
a. very可修飾最高級,但位置與much不同.
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級.
Africa is the second largest continent.
3) 句型轉換：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.
4) "否定詞語+比較級","否定詞語+ so… as"結構表示最高級含義.
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
和more有關的詞組
1) the more… the more… 越……就越……
The harder you work,the greater progress you'll make.
2) more B than A 與其說A不如說B
less A than B
He is more lazy than slow at his work.
= He is less slow than lazy at his work.
3) no more… than… 與……一樣……,不比……多
The officials could see no more than the Emperor.
no less… than… 與……一樣……
He is no less diligent than you.
4) more than 不只是,非常
She is more than kind to us all.
典型例題
1）The weather in China is different from____.
A. in America B. one in America C. America
D. that in America
答案：D. 本題意為"中國的天氣比美國熱."比較的是天氣而不是國家,C不能選.A沒有名詞,后句成分不全,排除.B和D中,B中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞,而that可車以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞,所以選D.
2）After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
答案C. 此句意為"這個廠1988能生產的拖拉機是往年的兩倍". 表示倍數(shù)用"倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對象"的句型.所以此句答案為C.
This ruler is three times as long as that one.