現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
含義：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（The PresentContinuous Tense）.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成是:主語+be+動(dòng)詞ing〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕形式
第一人稱單數(shù) I+am+doing+sth
第一人稱復(fù)數(shù) We+are+doing +sth
第二人稱單復(fù)數(shù) You+are+doing +sth
第三人稱單數(shù) He（She,it）+is+doing+sth
第三人稱復(fù)數(shù) They+are+doing +sth
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或當(dāng)前一般時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.可以表示有計(jì)劃的未來.
構(gòu)成形式：為be+動(dòng)詞 -ing.在其構(gòu)成形式中be是助動(dòng)詞,同樣有人稱和數(shù)的變化,即要根據(jù)主語選用am, is, are. 二、現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成 動(dòng)詞-ing形式叫作動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞.
動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成：
變化規(guī)則 動(dòng)詞原形 動(dòng)詞-ing形式
一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ing do ask look doing asking looking
以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去掉e,再加-ing make write close Making writing closing
以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,應(yīng)先雙寫這一輔音字母,再加-ing Run sit get begin Running sitting getting
beginning
【No. 1】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由"be+v-ing"構(gòu)成.be應(yīng)為助動(dòng)詞,初學(xué)者最容易漏掉,它應(yīng)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致.
【No. 2】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用
在實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)常用以下幾種情況：
(1)當(dāng)句子中有now時(shí),常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：
They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球.
(2)以look, listen開頭的句子,提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：
Listen!She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語歌.
(3)表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,且此時(shí)有this week, these days等時(shí)間狀語,這時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：
We are making model planes these days.這些天我們在做飛機(jī)模型.
(4)描述圖片中的人物的動(dòng)作,也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng).此時(shí)也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí).如：
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
含義：表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否完成）.
構(gòu)成形式：為was、were+動(dòng)詞 -ing.在其構(gòu)成形式中be是助動(dòng)詞,同樣有人稱和數(shù)的變化,即要根據(jù)主語選用was、were.
1.表示過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)（正在）進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
如：I was doing my homework at 9 p.m. last Sunday.
2.表示一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí),另一動(dòng)作同時(shí)正在進(jìn)行.
(1)用while連接（while只接doing）（注：如果主句和從句都是一般過去時(shí),可以用while連接兩個(gè)句子）
例:My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.(可以持續(xù)動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)一致)
(2）when表示（when可以接doing或did,when后動(dòng)作時(shí)間長,用doing,時(shí)間短,用did）
例:I was doing my homework when my mother came in.(間接表達(dá)了具體時(shí)間)
3.重復(fù)的動(dòng)作
When he worked here, John was always making mistakes.
4.表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
She told us Mr.Lee was arriving here.
5.用于故事,以提供其時(shí)間背景
6.表示禮貌
7有時(shí)可強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間較長
標(biāo)志性短語：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
舉例： (1) Mary _C_ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情,應(yīng)用過去時(shí).同 時(shí),when表時(shí)間的同時(shí)性,"瑪麗在做衣服時(shí)"提供事情發(fā)生的背景,因此用過去進(jìn)行時(shí).
(2) As she _b__ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A.read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell
答案C. 句中的as = when, while,意為"當(dāng)……之時(shí)".描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時(shí),用過去進(jìn)行；一個(gè)長動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作發(fā)生.句意為 "在她看報(bào)紙時(shí),奶奶睡著了."句中的 fell (fall的過去時(shí)),是系動(dòng)詞,后跟形容詞,如：fall sick. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法:表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行過持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,句中往往需要有時(shí)間狀語來表示這一特定的時(shí)間. What were they doing just now? 他們剛才在干什么?.
具體概念： 一、 概念和用法：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.其形式為was /were + V-ing.常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如：last night, last Saturday等；或者與when, while, as引導(dǎo)的過去時(shí)間狀語連用.例如： We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們在看電視. What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么?
二、 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情.時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示.如： What was she doing at nine o‘clock yesterday? 昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么? (介詞短語表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 當(dāng)我看見他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間. (when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn))
三、 在復(fù)合句中,如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的,那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí).例如： While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他邊等車邊看報(bào). (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 他擦車時(shí)我在做飯.(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行)
四、 通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞主要有：agree, is,am,are, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等.
例如： 誤：I was knowing the answer. 正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案.
誤：I wasn‘t understanding him. 正：I didn‘t understand him. 我不明白他的意思.
（1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是be(am,is,are) doing的形式,翻譯成中文即正在做某事或正在發(fā)生某事.
舉個(gè)例子：I am doing my homework.(我正在做家庭作業(yè).)或He is playing basketball now.（他現(xiàn)在正在打籃球.）
（2）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)是was,were doing的形式,翻譯成中文即過去的某段時(shí)間在做某事或在發(fā)生某事,一般要接時(shí)間狀語when,while或過去的一個(gè)特定時(shí)間段.
舉個(gè)例子：I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking yesterday.(昨天媽媽做飯時(shí)我正在做家庭作業(yè).)或He was playing basketball from 2 to 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon.(他昨天下午兩點(diǎn)到三點(diǎn)正在打籃球.)