easy easier easiest
lazy lazier laziest
pretty prettier prettiest
naughty naughtier naughtiest
mealy mealier mealiest
early earlier earliest
thirsty thirstier thirstiest
Dull—duller--dullest
Loud-louder--loudest
Boring—more boring—most boring
Creative—more creative—most creative
Warm---warmer--warmest
Expensive—more expensive—most expensive
high,higher,highest large,larger,largest
wet, wetter,wettest busy,busier,busiest
delicious,more delicious,most delicious
heavy,heavier,heaviest
dry,drier,driest
形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)分為原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí).
1.原級(jí)的構(gòu)成和用法
1)構(gòu)成:形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)形式是形容詞、副詞的原形.
2)用法:表示雙方在程度、性質(zhì)、特征等某方面相等時(shí),用“as+原級(jí)形容詞或副詞+as”的結(jié)構(gòu);表示雙方不相等時(shí),用“not so(as)+原級(jí)形容詞或副詞+as”的結(jié)構(gòu).例如:Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Liu. This building looks not so(as) high as that one. I’ll try to earn as much as Tom.
2.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成和用法
1)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成:
①單音節(jié)形容詞以及少數(shù)以er,ow結(jié)尾的形容詞和副詞加“er”,“est”.例如:great,greater,greatest;fast,faster,fastest;clever,cleverer,cleverest;narrow,narrower,narrowest
②以e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,以及少數(shù)以ble,ple結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞后,加“r”,“st”.例如:large,larger,largest;able,abler,ablest;simple,simpler,simplest
③以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)形容詞,其前的元音字母發(fā)短元音時(shí),該輔音字母要雙寫,然后加“er”,“est”.例如:hot,hotter,hottest;big,bigger,biggest
④以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞和少數(shù)不是形容詞加ly構(gòu)成的副詞,要將y改為i,再加“er”,“est”.例如:easy,easier,easiest;early,earlier,earliest
⑤一般雙音節(jié)詞、多音節(jié)形容詞和副詞在原級(jí)前加more或most.例如:beautiful,more beautiful,most beautiful;carefully,more carefully,most carefully
⑥少數(shù)單音節(jié)形容詞如real,glad,fond,tired,pleased等也加more和most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí).例如:tired,more tired;most tired,pleased,more pleased,most pleased.
⑦下列形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有兩種構(gòu)成方法:
crueler cruelest oftener oftenest
cruel{ often{
more cruel most cruelmore often most often
stricter strictest friendlier friendliest
strict{friendly{
more strict most strictmore friendly most friendly
⑧下列形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成不規(guī)則:good(well),better,best;bad(ill,badly),worse,worst;many(much),more,most;little,less,least
farther farthest
far{
further furthest
old elder/older eldest/oldest
2)兩種比較級(jí)(最高級(jí))形式用法上的差別:
older oldest
old{
elder eldest
elder和eldest主要用來表示兄弟姐妹之間的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)系,elder不與than連用.例如:She is the eldest of the three(sisters).(She is the eldest sister.) My elder brother is two years older than me. I am his eldest daughter(son).
farther farthest
far {
further furthest
further和furthest也是far的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),但現(xiàn)在furthest用得較少,而further除了表示距離等“較遠(yuǎn)”之外,還有“進(jìn)一步”的意思.例如:No further dis-cussion is necessary.沒有必要作進(jìn)一步的討論.Don’t make any changes till further notice.在另有通知之前,不要做任何變動(dòng).
later latest
late{
latter last
later指時(shí)間上的“后來;稍后”,而latter指順序上的“后者”,與the連用.例如:See you later. Betty and Susan are both my girl friends;the former(前者)is slim(瘦)and the latter is plump(胖).
注意:latter常指一段時(shí)間的“下一半”.例如:the latter half of the month下半月.latest指時(shí)間上的“最遲的、最近的”;last指順序上“最后的”.例如:one’s latest works某人最近的作品,the last month of the year一年的最后一個(gè)月.
A more和most的用法相當(dāng)自由：
You should ride more．
你必須多騎馬.
I use this room most．
這個(gè)房間我用得最多.
但當(dāng)much是原級(jí)時(shí),使用范圍較小.
B much意為a lot（許多）時(shí)可修飾表示否定意思的動(dòng)詞：
He doesn’t ride much nowadays．
現(xiàn)在他不太騎馬了.
在表示疑問的句子里much主要與how連用.在沒有how的疑問句中可用much,但a lot更常見：
How much has he ridden?
他騎馬多嗎?
Has he ridden a lot/much?
他近來常騎馬嗎?
在肯定句中as/so/too＋much是可以的.在沒有as/so/too的情況下,肯定句中用a lot/a good deal/a great deal會(huì)更好：
He shouts so much that…
他叫喊的太厲害了,以至于……
I talk too much．
我說得太多了.
但是說：
He rides a lot/a great deal．
他常騎馬.
C very much意為greatly（非常）時(shí),在肯定句中使用比較廣泛.
常和它一起用的詞有blame（責(zé)備）,praise（贊揚(yáng)）,thank（感謝）及一些表達(dá)感情的動(dòng)詞：admire（欽佩）,amuse（使娛悅）,approve（贊成）,dislike（不喜歡）,distress（使煩惱）,enjoy（喜愛）,impress（使有深刻印象）,like（喜歡）,object（反對(duì)）,shock（震驚）,surprise（使驚奇）等等：
Thank you very much．
非常感謝你.
They admired him very much．
他們很欽佩他.
She objects very much to the noise they make．
她非常反對(duì)他們弄出的噪音.
much（=greatly非常）可以和very連用,也可以省去very而與下列分詞連用：admired（受欽佩的）,amused（娛悅的）,dis－liked（不受喜歡的）,distressed（煩惱的）, impressed（留有……印象的）,liked（受喜歡的）,shocked（被震驚的）,struck（受巨大影響的）,upset（心煩意亂的）.
He was（very） much admired．
他很受人欽佩.
She was （very） much impressed by their good manners．
他們彬彬有禮,給她留下了深深的影響.
D much意為a lot（許多）時(shí)能夠修飾形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)及動(dòng)詞：
much better好多了
much the best最最好
much more quickly快多了
much too可與形容詞的原級(jí)連用：
He spoke much too fast．
他說話說得太快了.
E most放在形容詞或副詞之前,有“很”的意思.主要與雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)形容詞/副詞連用：
He was most apologetic．
他已表示十分的歉意了.
She behaved most generously．
她的行為非?？犊蠖?