這涉及到英語語言的發(fā)展歷史.英語是從凱爾特語的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的,過程中經(jīng)常借用其他語言中現(xiàn)成的詞匯.你說的都基本是凱爾特語的詞匯,在古英語中,很多動詞的變形都與現(xiàn)在不同.
其實不用深究,不然的話你就得學習一下兩門英語專業(yè)的本科高年級專業(yè)課,語言學和詞匯學.
給你常用的動詞變形吧
1.A---A---A型（現(xiàn)在式、過去式和過去分詞同形）
動詞原形（現(xiàn)在式）過去式 過去分詞
cost cost cost 花費
cut cut cut 割,切
hit hit hit 打
let let let 讓
put put put 放下
read read read 讀
hurt hurt hurt 傷
2.A---A---B型（現(xiàn)在式和過去式同形）
beat beat beaten 打
3.A---B---A型（現(xiàn)在式和過去分詞同形）
come came come 來
become became become 變
run ran run 跑
overcome overcame overcome征服,打敗,克服
4.A ---B ---B型
（1）在動詞原形后加一個輔音字母d或t構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞.
burn burnt burnt 燃燒
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 學習
mean meant meant 意思
hear heard heard 聽見
（2）把動詞原形的最后一個輔音字母“d”改為“t” 構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞.
build built built 建筑
lend lent lent 借給
lose lost lost 失去
send sent sent 送
spend spent spent 花費
（3)
pay paid paid 付
lay laid laid 下蛋
say said said 說
(4)
bring brought brought 帶來
buy bought bought 買
fight fought fought 戰(zhàn)斗
think thought thought 想
(5)
sleep slept slept 睡
feel felt felt 覺得
keep kept kept 保持
sweep swept swept 掃
(6)
stand stood stood 站
understand understood understood 明白
(7)
win won won 得勝
(8)
catch caught caught 抓住
teach taught taught 教
(9)
find found found 發(fā)現(xiàn)
get got got 得到
hold held held 盛,握
leave left left 離開
make made made 制造
meet met met 遇見
shoot shot shot 射擊
dig dug dug 挖
(10)
shsmell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,聞
shine shone/shined shone/shined 發(fā)光
（11)
tell told told 告訴
sell sold sold 賣
(12)
sit sat sat 坐
have had had 有
5.A---B---C型（現(xiàn)在式、過去式和過去分詞都不相同）
（1）在動詞原形后加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞.
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下
steal stole stolen 偷
give gave given 給
freeze froze frozen 凍結(jié)
take took taken 拿
see saw seen 看見
write wrote written 寫
ride rode ridden 騎
drive drove driven 駕駛
throw threw thrown 拋,扔
blow blew blown 吹
grow grew grown 生長
know knew known 知道
fly flew flown 飛
draw drew drawn 拉,繪畫
show showed shown 展示
（2）過去式加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞.
speak spoke spoken 說話
break broke broken 破碎,折斷
wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒
choose chose chosen 選擇
forget forgot forgotten 忘記
（3）變單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母“i”分別為“a”（過去式）和“u”（過去分詞）.
begin began begun 開始
ring rang rung 按鈴
sing sang sung 唱
sink sank sunk 沉
swim swam swum 游泳
drink drank drunk 飲
（4）其他不規(guī)則動詞的變化.
be(am,is) was/ were been 是
be(are) were been 是
do did done 做
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺
wear wore worn 穿