直接引語和間接引語
1.直接引語 直接引用別人的原話叫做直接引語,直接引語通常置于引號(hào)內(nèi)（“引用原話”）.
—“What is it all about?”
—“究竟是什么事呢?”
—“Nothing serious,just a storm in a teacup.”
—“沒有什么,大驚小怪而已.”
2.間接引語 用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的意思,或引用自己說過的話,
都叫做間接引語.間接引語多數(shù)用賓語從句來表達(dá).
Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.
瑪莉說她今天早上收到了一封情書.
He said that his hands were quite full at that moment.
他說那時(shí)他忙得不可開交.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.其形式為was /were + V-ing.常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如：last night,last Saturday等；或者與when,while,as引導(dǎo)的過去時(shí)間狀語連用.
基本用法
1.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法主要表示過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
如：He fell asleep when he was reading.他看書時(shí)睡著了.
2.用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在主要是為了使語氣委婉、客氣.
如：I was wondering if you could give me a lift.我不知你能否讓我搭一下車.
【注】一般過去時(shí)也有類似用法,但比較而言,用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)顯得更客氣,更不肯定.
3.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示感情色彩與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)相似,過去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示滿意、稱贊、驚訝、厭惡等感情色彩,也通常與 always,forever,continually等副詞連用.
如：They were always quarrelling.他們老是吵架.
4.動(dòng)詞be的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
動(dòng)詞be的進(jìn)行時(shí)也可表示過去一時(shí)的表現(xiàn)或暫時(shí)的狀態(tài).
比較：He was friendly.他很友好.(指過去長(zhǎng)期如此)
He was being friendly.他當(dāng)時(shí)顯得很友好.(指當(dāng)時(shí)一時(shí)的表現(xiàn))
補(bǔ)充：when 的后面加一般過去時(shí),而且動(dòng)詞是不延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.　　while 的后面加過去進(jìn)行時(shí),動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.
特殊用法
1、當(dāng)句子意思很清楚時(shí),我們也可以把兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都換成一般過去時(shí)
We listened carefully while the teacher read the text.
老師讀課文時(shí),我們都仔細(xì)地聽著.
2、表示按計(jì)劃、安排過去將要發(fā)生的事.用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞時(shí),也可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.
如：He told me that he was going soon.
他告訴我他很快就要走了.
3、表示故事發(fā)生的背景.
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front.
那支醫(yī)療小組往前線行進(jìn)時(shí),天正下著雪.
4、表示一個(gè)新的動(dòng)作剛剛開始.
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來引出一個(gè)新的動(dòng)作,這種用法頗有點(diǎn)兒像鏡頭轉(zhuǎn)換.
Five minutes later,he stood in the doorway smoking a cigarette.
5分鐘后,他已站在門口抽著煙.
5、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)還可和when結(jié)構(gòu)遙相呼應(yīng),含有意外之意.
I was walking in the street when someone called me.
我正在街上走時(shí)突然有人喊我.
6、用來陳述原因或用作借口.
She went to the doctor yesterday.She was having a lot of trouble with her heart.
她昨天去看病了.她患了很嚴(yán)重的心臟病.
7、與always,constantly等詞連用,表示感情色彩.
The girl was always changing her mind.
這女孩老是改變主意.
常用的時(shí)間狀語
　　this morning,the whole morning,all day ,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening,when,while ,at that time,.just now,a moment ago 　　My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself; 　　It was raining when they left the station;嗎 　　When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.