下列動(dòng)詞：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái).這主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情.
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star?It stars in ten minutes.
用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)(表示按計(jì)劃安排要發(fā)生的事件.)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,條件句中,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)
When,while,before,after,till,once,as soon as,so long as,by the time,if,in case (that),unless,even if,whether,the moment,the minute,the day,the year,immediately
He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing.他一到北京,就去看他姨媽.
典型例題
(1）He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.
A.had not given; had not succeeded B.would not give; succeed
C.will not give; succeed D.would not give; will succeed.
答案B.在時(shí)間,條件或讓步主語(yǔ)從句中一般不用將來(lái)時(shí).本題有He said,故為過(guò)去式.主句用將來(lái)時(shí),故選B.此處用一般過(guò)去式代替了過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí).
(2) 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來(lái)事項(xiàng),行程等活動(dòng).
The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物館明天10點(diǎn)開(kāi)門(mén).(實(shí)際上每天如此.)
瞬間動(dòng)詞又叫做結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞（是一個(gè)概念的不同叫法：
瞬間動(dòng)詞,也叫終止性、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞.表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果,或表示短暫性、一次性的動(dòng)作.如：close,leave,buy,join,become,begin,fall(掉下),fall ill(病倒),get to(know),come,go,see,hear,hear from,catch a cold等.這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞可以用于完成時(shí),但在一般情況下,不能加上表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或疑問(wèn)詞,
但是在否定句中,瞬間動(dòng)詞也可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)、連詞連用,它的含義是好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)進(jìn)行這個(gè)動(dòng)作了,沒(méi)進(jìn)行此動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)就可以延續(xù).如：
I haven't heard from my parents for a long time.我有好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)收到父母來(lái)信了.
He hasn't left home for a week.他有一個(gè)星期沒(méi)出門(mén)了
淺談終止性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance,sing,smoke
瞬間性動(dòng)詞:
open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish
1、終止性動(dòng)詞：表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作,即動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束.如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等.
終止性動(dòng)詞的肯定式是不能持續(xù)的,所以不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,而終止性的否定式就可以和表一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,因?yàn)榉穸ū旧砭褪强梢匝永m(xù)的.
如：have a cold是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示“狀態(tài)”,可與表延續(xù)性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,不定冠詞不能省略.
I′ve had a cold since my arrival（到達(dá) n.）.
I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.
catch a cold是短暫性動(dòng)作,表“動(dòng)態(tài)”：它不能和延續(xù)性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,不定冠詞“a”可有可無(wú),catch可用take,get代替.
Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold.
Take care not to get cold.
但是,若cold前有形容詞修飾時(shí),則不定冠詞不能省.
如：Brown has taken a slight cold.
注意下列句子：
I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)
I have had a cold for over a week.()
2、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等.
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞常不能和表示一個(gè)短暫具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞如用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),則可以和表示一個(gè)短暫具體的時(shí)刻連用.
He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.(×)
He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.()
3、代替終止性動(dòng)詞的方法
a)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞代替終止性動(dòng)詞
1、用have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be＋形容詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞
1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be＋副詞”代終止性動(dòng)詞
1“be＋on”代start,begin
2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be＋介詞短語(yǔ)”代終止性動(dòng)詞
1.“be in/at +地點(diǎn)”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地點(diǎn)”代替move to