1. In humans, the glycerol phosphate shuttle is primarily found in brown adipose tissue, as the conversion is less efficient, thus generating heat, which is one of the main purposes of brown fat. It is primarily found in babies, though it is present in small amounts in adults around the kidneys and on the back of our necks
2. The glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is used to rapidly regenerate NAD+ in brain and skeletal muscle cells of mammals.
3.The use of FAD enables electrons from cytosolic NADH to be transported into mitochondria against an NADH concentration gradient. The price of this transport is one molecule of ATP per two electrons. This glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is especially prominent in muscle and enables it to sustain a very high rate of oxidative phosphorylation你這個等于沒有回答。我知道一個在腦部，一個在肌肉。但是2個H帶來的1。5ATP并不是所謂的"a very high rate of oxidative phosphorylation”而是“相對低效率的”你腫么不明白呢。。。我再給你解釋下好了，這里總結(jié)三條好處在某些特殊的tissue里面，損耗的ATP量可以用來做其他用，比如，產(chǎn)生熱glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle 恢復(fù)細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)NAD+的速率更高，也就是說，把能量轉(zhuǎn)移到線粒體內(nèi)更快當(dāng)線粒體內(nèi)NADH濃度高的時候，另一個shuttle的作用就會受抑制，所以glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle 的存在可以不受線粒體內(nèi)部NADH 濃度的影響這是我在一篇paper里面查的