都在了
（一）
定語從句是用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句.被修飾的名詞叫先行詞.從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導,在先行詞之后.關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當一個成分.一般來說,關(guān)系代詞 who （做主語或賓語）和 whom（只能做賓語）指人,which（做主語或賓語）指物,whose 指某人的,that（做主語或賓語,做主語指代人時一般用 who）可指人和物.關(guān)系代詞充當主語時不能省略,充當賓語時可以省略.where, when, why 是關(guān)系副詞.where 指地方,when 指時間,why 指原因.
e.g.1. The man who came to see me this morning is my cousin.
2. He is a student (who, whom, that) we should learn from.
3. The present (which, that) he sent me last night is a nice watch.
4. Fetch me the dictionary which (that) is lying on the desk.
5. Is there anyone whose name is Linda?
6. This is the place where we spent our childhood.
7. He'll always remember the day when his grandmother passed away.
8. This is the reason why they were late for the meeting.
（二）
定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句.限制性定語從句用來限制所修飾的對象的意義.這類從句是不能拿掉的.如果拿掉了,那么剩下部分的意思會不清楚.非限制性定語從句只是對所修飾的詞作進一步的說明,僅起補充作用,拿掉它,其它部分仍能成立.通常用逗號與它所修飾的對象分開.
e.g.1. Do you know the teacher who spoke at the parents meeting just now?
2. The book was written by Lu Xun, who was a great writer.
3. They have invited some foreign friends to the Shanghai High School, which is famous both at
home and abroad.
4. Have you ever been to Sydney, which is the most exciting city in Australia?
(三)注意要點：
1．一下情況不能用關(guān)系代詞 which (who),只能用關(guān)系代詞 that.
1) 當先行詞被最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時.
This is the best book that I've ever read.
This is the first thing that I want to do.
2）當先行詞是 anything, everything, nothing 時.（something用 which, that都可以.）
He will do everything that he can to help that fatherless child.
3)當先行詞被 all, only, very, any, just, no, much等詞修飾時.
I'm not interested in all that he told me.
This is the very book that I've been looking for.
4)當先行詞既指人又指物時.
We talked about the things and persons that we remembered.
5）當句子中已有 who指人時,關(guān)系代詞用 that.
Who that has common sense will do such a thing?
6）當關(guān)系代詞在句子中作表語時.
He is not the man that he used to be.
2.以下情況不能用關(guān)系代詞 that.
1)在非限制性定語從句中,who, whom指人,which指物,不能用關(guān)系代詞 that.
The boy made the same mistake again and again, which made his teacher rather angry.
2)在介詞后面不能用關(guān)系代詞 that,指物時用 which,指人時用 whom (不用who).
The house in which he lives is not far from here.
The man to whom my mother is talking is my teacher.
3.當先行詞是 place（或其它表示地點的詞）, time（或其它表示時間的詞）, reason時.
1)This is the house where (in which) we lived last year.
This is the museum which we visited last year.
2)October 1 is the day when (on which) the People's Republic of China was founded.
I will never forget the days which I spent with my students.
3)This is the reason why he was late this morning.
This is the reason which (that) may explain his absence.
( why 是關(guān)系副詞,不能做賓語和主語,只能做狀語,表示原因.)
4. 修飾先行詞 the way 的三種方法
Can you show me the way in which you make paper flowers?
= Can you show me the way that you make paper flowers?
= Can you show me the way you make paper flowers?
5. whose, of which 使用時的注意點
1) The building whose roof we can see from here is a hotel.
= The building the roof of which we can see from here is a hotel.
2) The book whose cover is green is mine.
= The book the cover of which is green is mine.
6. as 也可引導定語從句,一般用于 such ... as 和 the same ... as 的結(jié)構(gòu)中.另外,也可用于非限制性定語從句中,表示整個句子.
1) I have the same trouble as you have.
2) I feel just the same as you do.
3) Such people as you wrote in the article was well worth learning from.
4) As we had expected, all the students attended the lecture.
(which 也可表示整個句子,但：as“正如；就象”)
7. 一些介詞短語不能隨意搬動.
The baby (who) my mother is looking after is my nephew.
(錯) The baby after whom my mother is looking after is my nephew.
8. 定語從句中謂語的用法.
1) I, who am your best friend, will do everything for you.
2) Tom is one of the boy students in our class who are often late.
3) Tom is the only one of the boy students who is often late.
9. 定語從句中的插入語.
1) He is the teacher, who I think will be our class teacher next year.
2) Jim is the boy, who everybody believes will win the first prize.
(I think, everybody believes, I suppose等插入語,在考慮用什么關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞時,可暫時不予考慮,以免受其迷惑.)
10. 定語從句一定要有先行詞.
1) Is this the museum 無 / which / that I visited last week?
2) Is this museum the one I visited last week?
11. 區(qū)分非限制性定語從句和并列句.
1) I have two uncles, both of whom are engineers. 非限制性定語從句
2) I have two uncles, and both of them are engineers. 并列句
3) There are two rooms upstairs, neither of which has been cleaned. 非限制性定語從句
4) There are two rooms upstairs, but neither of them has been cleaned.并列句
12. 區(qū)分定語從句和強調(diào)句.
1) It was in the street that (where 錯) I met my teacher.
2) It was on October 1, 1949 that (when 錯) China was founded.
13. 修飾先行詞 each time, each day, every time, every day, the first time, the moment, the second的方法
Each time (不需關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞) I saw him, he was happy.
( 定語從句 / 狀語從句 )