指示代詞在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物,不能指人,例如：
(對(duì))That is my teacher. 那是我的老師.（ that作主語(yǔ),指人）
(對(duì))He is going to marry this girl. 他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚.（this作限定詞）
(錯(cuò))He is going to marry this. （this作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人）
(對(duì))I bought this. 我買這個(gè).(this指物,可作賓語(yǔ))
說(shuō)明2：
That和those可作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時(shí),在作先行詞時(shí),只有those可指人,試比較：
(對(duì)) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西.
(對(duì)) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人.（those指人）
(錯(cuò)) He admired that who danced well. （that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人）
(對(duì)) He admired those who danced well. 他贊賞跳舞好的人.（those指人）
(對(duì)) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西.（those指物）