獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：名詞(代詞) 現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞； 名詞(代詞) 形容詞； 名詞(代詞) 副詞； 名詞(代詞) 不定式； 名詞(代詞) 介詞短語構(gòu)成.（二） 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)：1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨(dú)立存在.2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定 式,介詞等是主謂關(guān)系.3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開.舉例：The test finished,we began our holiday.= When the test was finished,we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束了,我們開始放假.The president assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.總統(tǒng)被謀殺了,舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中.Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天氣允許,我們明天去看你.This done,we went home.工作完成后,我們才回家.The meeting gone over,everyone tired to go home earlier.會(huì)議結(jié)束后,每個(gè)人都想早點(diǎn)回家.He came into the room,his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里,耳朵凍壞了.He came out of the library,a large book under his arm.他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館.10.2 With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格 表伴隨時(shí),既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu).with 名詞(代詞) 現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語 舉例:He stood there,his hand raised.= He stood there,with his hand raise.典型例題 The murder was brought in,with his hands ___ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 答案D.with 名詞（代詞） 分詞 介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu).當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時(shí),其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo).由于本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用過去分詞,選D.注意:1) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問題：當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí),其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何成分（如物主代詞或冠詞）,也不用復(fù)數(shù).但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制 A robber burst into the room,knife in hand.( hand前不能加his).2) 當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時(shí),及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分 詞,不及物動(dòng)詞用過去分詞.He lay there,his teeth set,his hand clenched,his eyes looking straight up.典型例題：Weather___,we'll go out for a walk.A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting 答案B.本題中沒有連詞,它不是復(fù)合句,也不是并列句.句中使用了逗號(hào),且we 小寫,可知其不是兩個(gè)簡單句.能夠這樣使用的只有獨(dú)立主格或with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu).據(jù)此判斷,本句中使用的是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),其結(jié)構(gòu)為：名詞 分詞.由于permit在這里翻譯為'天氣允許',表主動(dòng),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,故選B.如果不會(huì)判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式,不妨將句子改為條件句,例如本句改為If weather permits,we'll go out for a walk.然后將if 去掉,再將謂語動(dòng)詞改為非謂語動(dòng)詞即可.