何為否定轉(zhuǎn)移

否定轉(zhuǎn)移是指否定形式在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而否定的信息焦點(diǎn)卻在狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),或否定形式在主句,而否定的信息焦點(diǎn)卻在從句.這是英語(yǔ)的一種習(xí)慣思維方法,與漢語(yǔ)不同,應(yīng)予注意.現(xiàn)分類(lèi)歸納如下：
1．not＋think,believe,suppose,imagine…＋that－clause
在這種句式中,not從賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面轉(zhuǎn)移到了主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞think,believe,suppose等的前面.例如：
I'm sorry,but I don't think I know you．對(duì)不起,我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你.
I don't believe he'll come．我想他是不會(huì)來(lái)的.
這類(lèi)句子后面的反意疑問(wèn)句更能準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)明not的否定范圍.如：
I don't think you've met Xiao Wang,have you?我想你沒(méi)碰見(jiàn)過(guò)小王,對(duì)嗎?
2．not…because（of）
這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的 not否定的是后面 because引導(dǎo)的從句或 because of引起的介詞短語(yǔ).也就是說(shuō),not從because（of）的前面轉(zhuǎn)移到了主句或整個(gè)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面.例如：
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so．他并不只是因?yàn)閬喞锸慷嗟抡f(shuō)過(guò)某事如何如何,就輕易相信它.
I didn't take a raincoat because it was raining．我不是因?yàn)橄轮瓴艓в暌碌?
3．not…＋動(dòng)詞不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)
在這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)中,我們實(shí)際上是將否定后面不定式的not轉(zhuǎn)移到了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上.如：
Jack doens't seem to like you．（＝ Jack seems not to like you．）杰克看來(lái)不喜歡你.
He didn't take the boy from the tracks to safety to win his own fame．but tobenefit the boy's parents．他把男孩從鐵軌上抱到安全地帶,不是為了獲得個(gè)人的名譽(yù),而是為了孩子的父母.
He didn't come here by train．他不是乘火車(chē)來(lái)的.