一. in, to, on和off在方位名詞前的區(qū)別
1. in表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).如：
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
2. to表示A地在B地范圍之外,即二者之間有距離間隔.如：
Japan lies to the east of China.
3. on表示A地與B地接壤、毗鄰.如：
North Korea is on the east of China.
4. off表示“離……一些距離或離……不遠(yuǎn)的海上”.如：
They arrived at a house off the main road.
New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
二. at, in, on, by和through在表示時(shí)間上的區(qū)別
1. at指時(shí)間表示：
（1）時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)、時(shí)刻等.如：
They came home at sunrise （at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn）.
（2）較短暫的一段時(shí)間.可指某個(gè)節(jié)日或被認(rèn)為是一年中標(biāo)志大事的日子.如：
He went home at Christmas （at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night）.
2. in指時(shí)間表示：
（1）在某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間（如世紀(jì)、朝代、年、月、季節(jié)以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）內(nèi).如：
in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc
（2）在一段時(shí)間之后.一般情況下,用于將來(lái)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為瞬間動(dòng)詞,意為“在……以后”.如：
He will arrive in two hours.
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),in意為“在……以內(nèi)”.如：
These products will be produced in a month.
注意：after用于將來(lái)時(shí)間也指一段時(shí)間之后,但其后的時(shí)間是“一點(diǎn)”,而不是“一段”.如：
He will arrive after two o’clock.
3. on指時(shí)間表示：
（1）具體的時(shí)日和一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間,如某日、某節(jié)日、星期幾等.如：
On Christmas Day（On May 4th）, there will be a celebration.
（2）在某個(gè)特定的早晨、下午或晚上.如：
He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th.
（3）準(zhǔn)時(shí),按時(shí).如：
If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark.
4. by指時(shí)間表示：
（1）不遲于,在（某時(shí)）前.如：
He will come by six o’clock.
Jack had made some friends by the time you came.
（2）在……間,在……的時(shí)候.如：
He worked by day and slept by night.
5. through指時(shí)間意為“從……開始到結(jié)束”,此時(shí)與throughout相同.如：
We work hard all through the year.
三. near, by, beside, at表示“在……附近”時(shí)的區(qū)別
1. near表示相對(duì)的近,實(shí)際距離可能還很遠(yuǎn).如：
Suzhou is near Shanghai.
2. by和beside都表示靠近,實(shí)際距離不可能很遠(yuǎn),但beside比by更具體地表示出“在……旁邊”的意思.如：
He was sitting beside her.
3. at也有“在旁邊”的意思,但多表示有目的的行為所處的位置,而by和beside僅表示位置關(guān)系.如：
The students are sitting at the desks listening to the teacher.
Several students are sitting by / beside the window talking about a film.
四. at, in和on表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)的區(qū)別
1. at表示地點(diǎn)：
（1）用于指較小的地方.如：
I shall wait for you at the station.
（2）用于門牌號(hào)碼前.如：
He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road.
2. in表示地點(diǎn)：
（1）用于指較大的地方.如：
He lives in Shanghai.
（2）雖然是很小的地方,如果說(shuō)話人住在那里,也可用in.商店、學(xué)校、機(jī)關(guān)等,若看作一個(gè)地點(diǎn)（point）用at,若看作一個(gè)場(chǎng)所（place）用in.如：
I met him at the post-office.
I’m now working in the post-office.
3. on表示地點(diǎn),一般指與面或線接觸,意為“在……上；在……旁”.如：
The picture was hanging on the wall.
New York is on the Hudson River.
五. besides, except, except for, but表示“除……外”之間的區(qū)別
1. besides表示“除了……以外,還有……”,具有附加性質(zhì).如：
Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了）
注意：besides用于否定句中時(shí),與except, but同義,可互換.如：
We have no other books besides / except these.
2. except表示“……除外”,具有排它性質(zhì).如：
We all went to see the film except Mr Wang.（王先生沒去）
3. except for表示“除了……”,即表示除去整體中的一部分.如：
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.
4. but意為“除了”,與except同義,except強(qiáng)調(diào)被排除的部分,but則強(qiáng)調(diào)整句的內(nèi)容,常修飾否定意義的代詞.如：
Nobody knew it but me.
六. above, over, on, up表示“在……上”之間的區(qū)別
1. above指“……上方”,表示相對(duì)高度,不一定在正上方,其反義詞為below.如：
We’re flying above the clouds.
2. over指“在……正上方”,表示垂直上方,其反義詞為under.如：
The bridge is over the river.
3. on表示“在……上面”,與物體表面接觸,與beneath相對(duì).如：
There is a map on the wall.
The earth felt soft beneath our feet.
4. up表示動(dòng)作的方向往上,反義詞為down.如：
Please hang the picture up.
七. by, through, with表示“方式、方法、手段”之間的區(qū)別
1. by表方式：
（1）表示以一般的方法或方式.如：
No one in those days could live by writing poems.
（2）表示傳達(dá)、傳遞的方式或煤介.如：
How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?
（3）表示用交通工具、通訊工具后接名詞單數(shù),不加冠詞.如：
He came by train, but his wife came by bus.
注意下面兩句的區(qū)別：
Did you come by train?
Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名詞”構(gòu)成的詞組有：by accident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / by heart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
2. through表示“以；通過(guò)；經(jīng)由”.如：
He succeeded through hard work.
3. with表示方式
（1）表示行為方式,意為“以；帶著；用”.如：
We are well provided with food and clothing.
（2）表示使用具體的工具或手段.如：
He writes with a pen.
注意：在表示手段時(shí),by, through, with有時(shí)也可換用,但with的意思更明確.如：
Through / By / With his efforts he succeeded in making so many useful inventions.
八. through, with, from, for, at表示原因的區(qū)別
1. through表示原因,作“因?yàn)椤苯?常和neglect, carelessness, mistake, fault等詞連用,表示偶然或消極的原因,如疏忽、過(guò)錯(cuò)、不慎等.如：
He cut himself through carelessness.
The experiment failed through one fault of ours.
2. with表示原因,指由于外界而影響到內(nèi)部,意為“因?yàn)?；由于?如：
The little girl was shivering with cold.
3.
from表示動(dòng)機(jī)、疲勞、痛苦、死亡等原因.如：
She did it from a sense of duty.
4. for常表示為了某一目的、事業(yè)的原因.如：
Forgive me for keeping you waiting.
5. at表示原因,指“聽到；看到；想到”等.如：
At the news they felt very glad.
九. 介詞的搭配方式
1. 介詞可與名詞搭配.如：answer to, key to, the reason for, the cause of, advice on, by means of, lack of, a picture of等.
2. 介詞可與形容詞搭配.如：be afraid of, be active in, be tired of, be bored with, be prepared for, be suitable for, be familiar to / with, be free from等.
3. 介詞可與動(dòng)詞搭配.如：talk about, prevent…from, belong to, get over, depend on, object to, refer to, look forward to, make up for, devote to等.