（一）句子種類兩種分類法w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
1、按句子的用途可分四種：
1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的結構可分三種：
1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）.
e. g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構成.
e. g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的,道路是曲折的.
3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子.復合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等.
e. g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

（二）簡單句的五種基本句型
1、主語+系動詞+表語：e. g. He is a student.
2、主語+不及物動詞：e. g. We work.
3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：e. g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：e. g. My father bought me a car.
5、主語+及物動詞+復合賓語（賓語+賓補）：e. g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構成.

主語——動詞——表語：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
在這一句型中,動詞是系動詞,劃線部分為表語.
1. Mr. Brown is an engineer. (名詞作表語)
2. Gradualy he became silent. (形容詞作表語)
3. She remained standing for a hour. (現(xiàn)在分詞作表語)
4. The question remained unsolved. (過去分詞作表語)
5. The machine is out of order. (介詞短語作表語)
6. The television was on. (副詞作表語)
7. His plan is to keep the affair secret. (動詞不定式作表語)
8. My job is repairing cars. (動名詞作表語)
9. The question is what you want to do. (從句作表語,即：表語從句)
注意：在下面的句子中,形容詞作表語,在表語的后面常常接不定式結構.
I’m happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.

主語——動詞：
在這一句型中,動詞為不及物動詞及不及物的動詞詞組.在有的句子中,不及物動詞可以有狀語修飾.
1. The sun is rising.
2. I’ll try.
3. Did you sleep well?(well做狀語,修飾不及物動詞sleep)
4. The engine broke down.
注意：在此句型中,有少數(shù)不及物動詞表達被動含義,表達主語本身所具有的特性,不用被動語態(tài).
1. The book sells well.
2. The window won’t shut.
3. The pen writes smoothly.
4. Cheese cuts easily.

主語——動詞——賓語：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
在此句型中,動詞為及物動詞,劃線部分為賓語.
1. Do you know these people (them)?(名詞或代詞作賓語)
2. I can’t express myself in English. (反身代詞作賓語)
3. He smiled a strange smile. (同源賓語)
4. We can’t afford to pay such a price. (不定式作賓語)
5. Would you mind waiting a few minutes?(動名詞作賓語)
6. I hope that I have said nothing to pain you. (從句作賓語,即：賓語從句)
注意：并不是所有的及物動詞都可以接上述各種情況作賓語,不同的動詞有不同的用法,所以,在學習動詞時,一定要掌握其用法.

主語——動詞——賓語——賓語：
在此句型中,動詞可以稱作雙賓語動詞,在英語中,這樣的動詞并不多,在學習中遇到時,要牢記.后面的賓語為間接賓語和直接賓語,其中,間接賓語在前,一般表人,直接賓語在后,一般表物.這類句型有三種情況.
第一種情況,間接賓語可以改為由to引導的短語.
1. He handed me a letter.
He handed a letter to me.
2. She gave me her telephone number.
She gave her telephone number to me.
第二種情況,間接賓語可以改為由for引導的短語.
3. She sang us a folk song.
She sang a folk for us.
4. She cooked us a delicious meal.
She cooked a delicious meal for us.
第三種情況,直接賓語可以由賓語從句充當.
5. Tell him I’m out.
6. Can you inform me where Miss Green lives?

主語——動詞——賓語——賓語補足語：
在此句型中的動詞,叫做可以跟復合賓語的動詞,在英語中,這樣的動詞也不多.后面的賓語補足語是說明賓語的情況的,賓語和賓語補足語一起被稱作復合賓語.這個句式是英語中比較復雜的一個句式,因為復合賓語的構成內容較多.下面句子中劃線部分為賓語補足語.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
1. He found his new job boring. (形容詞作賓補)
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名詞作賓補)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介詞短語作賓補)
4. We went to here house but found her out. (副詞作賓補)
5. What do you advise me to do?(不定式作賓補)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (tobe作賓補)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式作賓補)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的進行式作賓補)
9. Did you notice him come in?(不帶to的不定式作賓補)
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (過去分詞作賓補)
注意：在這個結構中,可以出現(xiàn)用it作形式上的賓語,把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語的后面.在此結構中,賓語常常是動詞不定式或賓語從句.
1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析：it是形式賓語,his duty是賓語補足語,to mention this to her是真正的賓語.
2. I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析：it是形式賓語,best是賓語補足語,that you should stay with us是真正的賓語.
3. there be句型是一種特殊的句子,真正的主語在后面,含義為“有……”
①謂語動詞和主語保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.
②有兩個或更多的主語時,動詞一般和最近的一個保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
③主語的后面有時有修飾語：There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done(此處也可以使用to do).
④謂語動詞be可以有時態(tài)的變化:There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him.
⑤謂語也可以有不定式構成的復合謂語.w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
There used to be a cinema here.
There seems to be something the matter with her.
Is there going to be any activity tonight?
⑥there be句式變疑問句,把be提前；變反意疑問句也要借助there.
Is there any hope of getting the job?
There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?
⑦there be句型中也可以使用諸如：live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物動詞：
Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.
There came a knock at the door.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
⑧用于非謂語的情況下,有時用不定式的復合結構there to be或動名詞的復合結構和獨立主格結構there being：
You wouldn’t want there to be another war. (不定式的復合結構)
The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (動名詞的復合結構)
There being nothing else to do,we went home. (獨立主格結構)