淺談終止性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞
延續(xù)性動詞:live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance,sing,smoke
瞬間性動詞:
open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish
1、終止性動詞：表示不能延續(xù)的動作,即動作發(fā)生后立即結束.如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等.
終止性動詞的肯定式是不能持續(xù)的,所以不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用,而終止性的否定式就可以和表一段時間的狀語連用,因為否定本身就是可以延續(xù)的.
如：have a cold是持續(xù)性動詞,表示“狀態(tài)”,可與表延續(xù)性的時間狀語連用,不定冠詞不能省略.
I′ve had a cold since my arrival（到達 n.）.
I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.
catch a cold是短暫性動作,表“動態(tài)”：它不能和延續(xù)性時間狀語連用,不定冠詞“a”可有可無,catch可用take,get代替.
Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold.
Take care not to get cold.
但是,若cold前有形容詞修飾時,則不定冠詞不能省.
如：Brown has taken a slight cold.
注意下列句子：
I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)
I have had a cold for over a week.()
2、延續(xù)性動詞：表示可以延續(xù)一段時間的動作或狀態(tài).如：be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等.
延續(xù)性動詞常不能和表示一個短暫具體的時間狀語連用；這類動詞如用于進行時態(tài),則可以和表示一個短暫具體的時刻連用.
He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.(×)
He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.()
3、代替終止性動詞的方法
a)用延續(xù)性動詞代替終止性動詞
1、用have代替buy
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
b)用“be＋形容詞”代終止性動詞
1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill
3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut
9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose
c)用“be＋副詞”代終止性動詞
1“be＋on”代start,begin
2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be＋介詞短語”代終止性動詞
1.“be in/at +地點”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地點”代替move to