祈使句
祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、建議等等.謂語動(dòng)詞一律用原形.句子中通常不用主語,句末用驚嘆號(hào)或者句號(hào),用降調(diào).
1含有第二人稱主語的祈使句
Be careful!小心!
Don''t make such a noise.不要這么吵.
1.肯定的祈使句
a.句型：動(dòng)詞原形～.（省略主語）
Stand up.起立.
Be quiet,please.請(qǐng)安靜.
b.有時(shí),為了加強(qiáng)語氣,可以在動(dòng)詞之前加do
Do sit down.
務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐.
Do study hard.
一定要努力學(xué)習(xí).
比較
祈使句和陳述句陳述句：
You sit down.
你坐下來.
祈使句：
Sit down.坐下
（省略主語you）
c.用客氣的語氣表示祈使句時(shí),可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加please,那在please之前一定要加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“,”.
Go this way,please.
請(qǐng)這邊走.
d.祈使句中如果有喚語,一定要用逗號(hào)“,”隔開,放在句首或句尾.
Li Ming,come here.
李明,過來.
Come here,Li Ming.
過來,李明.
2.否定的祈使句
句型：Don''t +動(dòng)詞原形～
Don''t swim in the river.
別在河里游泳.
Don''t be late.別遲到.
Please don''t be noisy.
請(qǐng)不要大聲喧嘩.
注意
表示禁止時(shí),尤其是標(biāo)語等也可用“No+動(dòng)名詞”來表示.
No smoking.
禁止吸煙.
No parking.
禁止停車.
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
祈使句與陳述句的改寫
1．祈使句=You must …（陳述句）
Come here .過來.
=You must come here .
你必須過來.
Don''t do that again.
你一定不可以再那樣做了.
2．Please +祈使句=Will you (please) （陳述句）
Please help me .請(qǐng)幫幫我.
=Will you (please) help me?
你愿意幫我的忙嗎?
Come here on time ,please .請(qǐng)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到這兒.
=Will you (please) come here on time
請(qǐng)你準(zhǔn)時(shí)到好嗎?
2含有第一、第三人稱主語的祈使句
Let''s say good-by here.
我們?cè)诖说绖e吧.
Don''t let him do that again.
別讓他再那么做了.
1.肯定的祈使句
句型：·Let+第一人稱（me,us）～.
·Let+第三人稱代詞（賓格：him,her,it,them）或名詞～.
Let''s go at once.
咱們馬上動(dòng)身吧.
Let me try again.
讓我再試試.
Let Tom go there himself.
讓湯姆自己去那兒.
注意
Let''s包括對(duì)方,Let us不包括對(duì)方.反意疑問句時(shí)最明顯.
Let''s go,shall we?
咱們?nèi)グ?怎么樣?
Let us go,will you?
讓我們?nèi)グ?行嗎?
（征求對(duì)方的意見）
2.否定的祈使句
句型：·Let''s（us,me）+not +動(dòng)詞原形～.
·Don''t let +第三人稱代詞的賓格或名詞+動(dòng)詞原形.
Let''s not say anything about it.
對(duì)于這件事,咱們什么也不要說.
Don''t let them play with fire.
別讓他們玩火.
句型轉(zhuǎn)換
祈使句有時(shí)相當(dāng)一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句.
祈使句：Use your head and you''ll find a way.
條件句：If you use your head,you''ll find a way.
如果你動(dòng)動(dòng)腦筋,你就會(huì)找到方法.
注意
回答Let''s～的反意疑問句句型時(shí),肯定時(shí)用Yes,let''s.否定時(shí)用NO,let''s not.
祈使句變反意疑問句的方法：
祈使句后的反意疑問句形式
a,Let's表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh,簡(jiǎn)短問句的主語用 we表示,問句用 shall we或 shan't we 如:Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we)
b,Let me或 Let us表示聽話人提出請(qǐng)求,問句用 will you或 won't you .
Let me have a rest ,will you (won't you )
c,其它的祈使句后可以加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問句,使語氣變得客氣一些.
如:Have a rest ,will you
Stand up ,will (won't) you
祈使句用以表達(dá)命令,要求,請(qǐng)求,勸告等.
1） 祈使句有兩種類型,一種是以動(dòng)詞原形開頭,在動(dòng)詞原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人稱主語的句子).
Take this seat.
Do be careful.
否定結(jié)構(gòu)：
Don't move.
Don't be late.
2） 第二種祈使句以let開頭.
Let 的反意疑問句
a.Let's 包括說話者
Let's have another try,shall we / shan't we?
= Shall we have another try?
b.Let us 不包括說話者
Let us have another try,will you / won't you?
= Will you please let us have another try?
否定結(jié)構(gòu)：
Let's not talk of that matter.
Let us not talk of that matter.